Child Abuse And Effects On Children Essay - 1490 Words

Child Abuse And Effects Is Child abuse more common in low income/divorced families than more wealthy intact families. Rami A. Sabri The Edina High School Rami A. Sabri Department of English, Edina High School Intro The general area of interest for me is child abuse in the U.S. Specifically, my research question is child abuse more common in low income/divorced families than more wealthy intact families. Child abuse is defined as the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or exploitation, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child s care. The average income for a person in the U.S is $51,939 a year. The average age of first marriage in the United States is 27 for women and 29 for men and tend to have an average of 2-3 children (Average income U.S. (n.d.).,2014). More than 3.6 million referrals are made to the child protection agencies involving more than 6.6 million children every year. Almost 30% of abused or neglected children will usually end up abuse their own children, continuing the terrible cycle of abuse (Statistics and Facts About Child Abuse in the U.S. (n.d.). American Spcc ,2010 ). Children that get abuse aren t just affected for aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children935 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an issue in America since the beginning of time, but lately there has gradually been an increase in reported incidents of abuse. There are several types of child abuse that are present in today’s society. The different types of abuse include physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Of the different maltreatment types, four-fifths (78.3%) of unique victims were neglected, 17.6 percent were physically abused, 9.2 percent were sexually abused, 8.1 percent were psychologically maltreatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals corrected. However, there are cases that have not been solved or not stopped by the law. Child abuse is common. Child abuse can be caused by a variety of reasons. Scientist have been studying and they have some ideas on what prompt people to harm children (Ian H acking). They are trying to end child abuse, but there is so much they can do. Many children abuse incidents are not reported. Child abuse may have many causes as in way the abuser does it. One specific factor is the background of theRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children913 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral types of abuse, there’s physical, emotional, verbal and several others abuses. But the abuse I would like to focus on is child abuse. Domestic violence towards children is important because there is a way to prevent it from happening. Typical parents and caregivers do not intend to abuse their children. Abuse is mainly directed toward the behaviors that are given off towards one another. Author David Gil defines child abuse as an occurrence where a caretaker injures a child, not by accidentRead MoreChild Abuse Is An Effect On Children1657 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2010 according to the census bureau there were 74,100,000 U.S children between the ages of 0-17 being a bused and 3.3 million referrals. This effected on average 1-10 U.S families and children, there were more than 32,200,000 U.S families with children under the age of 18 according to the 2010 census bureau. From the 3.3 million hotline calls in 2010 there were less than 475,000 sustained cases (2010 NCANDS: 436,321 sustained +24,976 indicated = 461,297 total) resulting in about 15% of hotlineRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1488 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' In addressing child abuse we are confronted with a series of problems. On the one hand, there is a lack of the true extent of the phenomenon because no data are available and that the issue, often refers to the most intimate spaces of family life. Furthermore, cultural and historical traditions affect the way each society faces this problem. Finally, there are varying opinions as to its definition and classification, as well as the consequences of child abuse may have and its subsequent therapeuticRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1263 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse Child abuse is any behavior which, by action or omission, produces physical or psychological damage to a person less than 18 years, affecting the development of his personality. In homes, it is believed that the most effective way to educate children is using the abuse. This form of punishment it used as an instrument of correction and moral training strategy as it is the first and most persistent justification of damage and maltreated mothers parents inflict on their children. SocietyRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1160 Words   |  5 PagesMost parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but abuse is defined by the effect on the child, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver. Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them, making child abuse as common as it is shocking. Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behavior is, the more unimaginable it seems. ButRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreports of child abuse are made involving more than 6 million children. The United States has one of the worst records of child abuse losing 4-7 children a day to the abuse. Abuse is when any behavior or action that is used to scare, harm, threaten, control or intimidate another person. Child abuse is a behavior outside the norms of conduct and entails substantial risk of causing physical or emotional harm. There are four main types of child abuse; physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, andRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States is

Information Security in the Healthcare Industry - 1562 Words

Information Security in the Healthcare Industry The rapid changes in technology over the past few decades has left the healthcare industry ill-prepared to operate in today’s environment. Most substantial protections of sensitive consumer information has come as a result of federal regulation, most notably in 1996 with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and 2009 as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Protection of information in the healthcare industry has lagged behind all other industries, perhaps because the records aren’t financial in nature or sensitive government information. Implementing simple steps for many organizations may be enough to limit the vast majority of breaches, although a layered, comprehensive security approach should be the ultimate goal for companies. Security Awareness Health Care security in the United States has been part of the national culture for over a century, but many companies have struggled with the transition to electronic records. In the early 1900s, many hospitals hired a security guard to look over their facilities. Their primary role was to safeguard the hospital from fire. At that point many of the police patrols were done on foot and most cities had their officers incorporate hospitals into their daily rounds. In the 1950s there was a culture shift and security coverage of hospitals became less of a community responsibility. Off-duty policemen were increasingly hired for additionalShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Improving Cyber Security Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesImproving Cyber security in Healthcare Introduction: As the healthcare industry is acquiring more technologies into its business, the need for securing the data has become challenging. Unlike other industries, Healthcare industry is far behind in investing enough money on securing the health IT technologies. However, the cyber security is really a mandatory need for Health care industry as it deals with patient information which is more precious. A stolen health record by hackers costs around $ 20Read MoreThe Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Of 1996 ( Hipaa )1685 Words   |  7 Pages Another important component within Healthcare information security is having the necessary legal backing to create and enforce information security laws. Without such laws, healthcare providers would not be required to show due diligence in protecting patient information, and patient information would be at risk. Thus, legislation is beginning to play a significant role in establishing rules, regulations, and consequences. For instance, the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) maintains one of the mostRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Hacking968 Words   |  4 Pageshacker. â€Å"A hacker is an individual who intends to gain unauthorized access to a computer system† (Laudon Traver, 2015). Oxford Dictionaries defines an ethical hacker as â€Å"a person who hacks into a computer network in order to test or evaluate its security, rather than with malicious or criminal intent† (Ethical Hacker, n.d.). In other words, an ethical hacker aims to discover if any vulnerabilities exis t in the system so the vulnerabilities can be fixed before a malicious hacker can exploit them.Read MoreAnalysis Of Cybersecurity Metrics As Well A Governmental Policy Framework Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Today’s Government is faced with many challenges when it comes down to Information Assurance compliance. The Government is faced with the impossible task of unifying all systems and ensuring that they meet all the mission needs. So this paper will include an analysis of cybersecurity metrics as well a governmental policy framework. I will discuss some cybersecurity strategies, frameworks, workplace threats caused by modern day technology, and at least one governments strategic prospectiveRead MoreEssay On Patient Data Breaches1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe nature of healthcare is constantly evolving due to innovations in technology which enable health records to be electronically exchanged between healthcare systems, hospital networks, and other healthcare settings. This is referred to as a healthcare information exchange. This electronic exchange of information has the potential to enhance the quality of healthcare. Health records can be transmitted between patients, doctors , hospitals, and other providers at the time of service. Despite the effortRead MoreEssay On Healthcare Data Breaches1101 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract In today’s age of healthcare, health informatic innovations such as the health information exchange have allowed electronically available healthcare data, such as clinical, administrative, and financial information, to be shared within healthcare systems, hospital networks, and other healthcare settings. As organizations begin to share sensitive information across political, geographical, and institutional boundaries, there is a constant risk of patient data being compromised. ThereforeRead MoreData Breaches And The Healthcare Industry1676 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of data breaches in hospital industry Data breaches have become common nowadays especially in the healthcare industry. For example, a number of hacking events have been reported in the past years (Croll, 2007). Such events in the healthcare industry, have threatened the safety of private medical records. Since the healthcare environment posses the most valuable information of patients, they are the establishments who are most likely to suffer from hackers. Most importantly, patients worryRead MoreCase Study : The Healthcare Industry Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the healthcare industry has only become digitized in the past 10 to 15 years, therefore most organizations are not prepared and find themselves behind the curve from a cybersecurity readiness perspective. The Healthcare industry is a prime target for adversaries (cyber criminals, hacktivist and nation states) because of the highly sought after data it possesses, robbers rob banks because that is where the money is, to put it in simple terms. My objective is to help ABC Healthcare manage cybersecurityRead MoreEssay about Hipaa: Impact the Delivery of Human Services1272 Words   |  6 PagesJuly 12, 2008 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was signed on 21st August 1996 by the U.S President Bill Clinton. Most healthcare insurance companies and providers are to remain to the HIPAA regulation guidelines by October 2002 and October 2003 for smaller health plans. If you are in the healthcare industry, you have probably heard some rumblings about the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, calmly referred to as HIPAA. The word is yourRead MoreAn Examination Of The Healthcare System1090 Words   |  5 Pagesinfused with our daily lives, information security has become a universal concern. An examination of the healthcare system reveals that it is not exempt from the same information security challenges that other organizations face. The use of information technology in healthcare offers significant benefits, such as improved safety and healthcare quality, reduced cost of healthcare, greatly increased efficiency within healthcare opera tions, and better collaboration among healthcare professionals. However,

Following A Dream Toward Freedom Essay Example For Students

Following A Dream Toward Freedom Essay Following A Dream Toward FreedomFreedom was and still is the dream of every American. Freedom isdefined as the liberty of choice or action, self-determination of rationalbeings, the right to enjoy privileges of membership or citizenship, andindependence. The natural rights of all men have been stated as life, liberty,and the puruit of happiness. In order for freedom to exist, people must takeon the responsibility to pursue and maintain their dream. The dream of freedom requires people to take responsibility to governthemselves in a way in which freedom can succeed without chaos. Civilizationshave used governmental law and social rules to regulate their citizens. Peoplemust maintain a direct hold on their government and society through their lawsand social structure, allowing for each individual within their citizenship tokeep their own identity while participating in the civilization as a whole. When people take on the responsibility of their citizenship and follow the lawsand rules founded for them, freedom is allowed to work for everyone. In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to aworld founded upon four essential human freedoms, stated Franklin Roosevelt inhis 1941 Presidents Annual Address to Congress. The first is freedom ofspeech and expression-everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of everyperson to worship God in his own way-everywhere in the world. The third isfreedom want-which, translated into world terms, means economic understandingswhich will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants-everywhere in the world. The forth is freedom from fear-which, translated intoworld terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and insuch a through fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act ofphysical aggrestion against any neighbor-anywhere in the world, statedPresident Roosevelt. The first Americans followed their dream toward freedom by coming toAmerica and founding the colonies which have evoled into the cities and townspresent to this day. The officers and soldiers of our great country followedtheir dream toward freedom by fighting and sacrificing their lives for thefreedoms which are enjoyed and greatly appreciated today. Civil rights andwomens rights leaders followed their dream toward freedom by achievingequality among all american citizens. As President Frankin D. Roosevelt statedin 1941, these four freedoms are still essential today. Not just in ourcountry, but everywhere in the world. We, as human beings have the right tothese freedoms and the responsibility to make a dream toward freedom come true. REFERENCEFinch, Christopher. Norman Rockwells America. New York,: Harry N. Abrams,1976.

The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession Essay Example

The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession Paper This impact comes from the creased amount of spending that people are doing due to the higher unemployment rates, higher inflation and interest rates and overall lack of finances. Because of this it has been causing a huge strain on accountants, as they are seeing revenues decrease and costs increase. There have been some signs that the economy is on the mend and there have been some slow improvement with the unemployment rate, but it is still a huge work in progress and it will likely take a lot more time to get completely back on track. Problem Statement For over a decade the economy has been a constant concern for most of the world. It has decreased the amount of jobs available and it has caused a serious decrease in the amount of financial spending being done by everyone, as it has gotten to where people would rather save their money for the more important things. This has taken its toll on the accounting profession. Accountants are seeing less business, as it has become easier and cheaper to use other methods for completion of taxes. With the decreases in income this will probably continue to be true. Since they are seeing a decrease in business, it is causing a financial strain on them as well. We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Overhead expenses for operating the businesses are increasing, so without he income coming in, it is causing difficulties. There are ways to help with this problem and in turn help avoid some of the strain and difficulty that they are seeing and dealing with. I will discuss some different solutions that could be utilized later in this paper. Comparison Throughout the accounting profession there are a few other major issues that also affect the profession as a whole. A couple of them are new financial reporting guidelines and retaining current clientele. Financial reporting standards have become a lot stricter since the scandals in the early sacs that rocked the accounting profession. The accounting profession has seen a lot of new guidelines that they must abide by or there are severe consequences and penalties. One of the regulations that must be followed is the formation of a board that is in charge of reviewing and auditing statements. Upper management, such as the CEO and SCOFF are also to sign off on any and all financial statements that they complete. This will hold them accountable for all information that they report. Having both of these guidelines in place has made the accounting field better from an honestly stand point, and has also made it easier to reprimand any financial snootiest on anyones part. With everything that is going on with the economy accountants are seeing a decrease in the amount of clients that they are seeing. This is due to there being other less expensive methods for completing taxes and business finances. Turbo Tax and H;R online are two of the programs that can be bought or downloaded in order to complete required financial business, and at a fraction of the cost of going to an accountant. And even as the economy improves, it still might continue to be an issue for accounting practices. Consumers today are in the mind set of peeping as much of their money as they are able to, and only spending it on the objects and services that are absolutely necessary. And unfortunately, seeing an accountant is not one of the items at the top of most consumers lists since they feel that they can now do the work themselves with the new software available for the public to purchase. Impacts The biggest impact that accounting firms are seeing is the decrease in clientele. With all of the available software that can be bought or downloaded, consumers and small business are not in as big of a need for an accountant as they have been in the past years. This is partly due to businesses and consumers viewing it as a luxury item and not a necessity. The economy has also affected how the audit funds of companies are directed. A lot of companies are moving their resources in order to cover any risks that have risen from the down economy. Therefore, this has led to a smaller budget for audit services within a company. With the various budget cuts, some companies have had to reduce the number of auditors that they staff as well as review the external auditors that are used. Consequences Currently there is a larger supply of accountants than there is for the emends of accounting services. If the economy does not improve, then one of the biggest consequences that will be seen is the lack of qualified individuals in the accounting field. You could see less college students getting degrees in the accounting filed due to the current lack of jobs that are available for graduating students. This would turn into a major issue when the economy would finally improve as there would not be anyone to fill the needed accounting and auditing positions. And again, loss of jobs would be a consequence of the downward economy. With the loss of clientele there is sees revenue coming in, which then leads to job cuts within organizations. A lot of companies have seen downsizing lately, and the unemployment rate has seen drastic increases in the past years because of it. Research on Issue When researching the issues, qualitative research should be performed. This type of research method helps with getting quality information rather than just a bunch of data that may or may not be of any use. One of the easiest ways to research the impacts of the downward economy is to do a survey. A survey of companies who are downsizing is the first place to start. By looking t who is eliminating accounting positions, it will help to give a better idea of how hard the accounting profession has been hit. Another way a survey could be used for research is to see your current clientà ¨les opinion on the services being rendered as well at the current pricing. This could also help to determine how many people and companies now feel that they can do the work themselves in house verses paying a professional to do the work. Research reasons The reason would choose to use surveys for the research method is because it is easy, inexpensive and less time consuming. Surveys are also useful cause you are able to take a sample of the population in order to get your findings. Plus finding out what customers want can be extremely beneficial and possibly make it easier to find ways to bring in new clients. Relevant Information The information that is most relevant to the research that is being performed is what effect the global economy is having on the accounting field. Until the global economy gets turned back around, the accounting industry will continue to struggle since most people deem it as a luxury. With the global market expanding and companies moving operations overseas, the accounting profession is having to adjust and make some changes so that accounting professionals satisfy the new needs and requirements. All of these changes are making it so that GAP is not as dominant as it once was in this country. There has also been an increase in the amount of management accountants that are being utilized as becoming competitive in todays market is vital for all companies. And by using management accounting it is making it easier to enhance financial performance. It is also important that accounting professionals are aware of what they need to do in order to stay p to date and be able to succeed in the fast changing global market. It is the belief that when it comes to financial reporting, that it is in the best interest of everyone and public interest to develop a set of universal rules and regulations that consist of high-quality standards. Having a new set of rules that are recon sized and utilized globally will make it easier to maintain the interests of the global community. GAP has always been deemed as the highest-quality set of guidelines and regulations in the world. But even though that is true, they have not exactly been accepted globally. And because of the quickly evolving global economy, it has become possible for other standards to assume a level of importance that is set to possibly surpass GAP. The changes in guidelines have produced three implications for accountants in the US. The first one is that the rules of GAP have changed and will continue to change as needed so that international standards continue to be covered. The second implication is that international accounting is going to quickly become more relevant and GAP will decrease in relevance with the domestic companies as well as global. And he last implication is that accounts in the US will be at a severe disadvantage to the international accountants who have more time learning and adjusting to the new guidelines. Managerial accountants have typically not been in as high of demand and financial accountants. This is because the US used to have such a big global market and little competition from other countries. But here of late there has been a surge of global competition and there has been pressure on the US to start utilizing the talents of managerial accountants to see where improvements can be made and how they compare to other companies globally. They are interested in ways to improve the business based on how factors outside the control of the company, rather than just the financial side of the business. There has become a strong movement to get the set of international financial reporting standards (FIRS). The goal is to get this accomplished so that there is only one set of globally accepted accounting standards for everyone to follow and abide by. This thought has gained the approval and motivation by such organizations as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the World Bank. The international financial reporting standards are currently being used in over 00 countries globally. It was stated by 201 1 the international financial reporting standards WOUld be used by almost everyone globally. One of the biggest results from implementing these standards is the benefit of an increase in global capitol, and higher confidence in the global economy. With the global world being like it is, it gives more opportunities for international students to come to the US to attend school and major in accounting. This can be looked at as both a good thing and a bad thing. A benefit of it is that they can go back home and share what they have learned and implement it into their accounting practice. However, any international students who may choose to stay and work here in the US will create an off supply and demand in the job market, as the more accountants that there are, the fewer jobs that will be available. And because of the global market flourishing as it has been, accounting careers in the future are dependent on having enough knowledge and education. There is also a chance that if they work for one of the big international companies, accountants need to be prepared to work in an international workplace. The International Accounting Standards Committee is in charge of setting the global principles. The main idea was to determine a set of guidelines that could be adapted by those countries that did not have a set already to abide by. And over the last decade the majority of countries in the world have adapted to international accounting guidelines. One of the biggest downsides for countries to accept the new set of guidelines is that they will lose any of the traditional ways that they had been using. Another downside to making the transition is the cost to do so. The costs can be incurred when the companies bring in outside accountants to ensure that they are following the guidelines correctly. And any county that changes to he new guidelines will have the financial cost of passing new legislation for it as well as passing on the changes to all businesses and their stock market. And last, there is the cost for business for them to have to train everyone to the new principles, as well as additional costs for all universities who will have to add the appropriate curriculum. Based on these articles, they say a lot of the same information, and some take the issue into a different direction. But the overall thought for all of them is that the accounting profession is ever changing and we will all be using the same guidelines and regulations. This recess is not a quick one and is time and cost consuming, but in the end will be worth all of the hassle and headaches. The insight to adding more managerial accountants will be beneficial for new up and coming accountants as well as any current managerial accountants. Factors Up until now there have been differences when it came to financial reporting. But now there is an international consensus that the financial reporting should consist of only high quality, consistent financial information that can best serve the needs of the investors. Within the last ten years there has been a merging of global accounting practices. And with this there have been several factors that have contributed to the merge. The first one is that large, multi-national businesses have started to apply standards from the county that they originate in. This can help to allow more than one approach be applied to an issue in a manner that is consistent with such guidelines as GAP. The second factor is that is has been encouraged of the SASS to develop specific guidelines that would allow transparent financial reporting that can be applied consistently globally. The last factor is that regulators and setters for national accounting standards continue to look for approached for eating accounting standards that are as consistent as those of other setters. Some of the national standard setters participate in global projects in order to have a bigger range for accounting issues. Causes There are several reasons that could pin point the cause of all oftenest issues. One reason is because the United States did not pay a lot of attention to the companies that they competed with in the global market, as they didnt see a lot of competition from anyone. However, by the time that the assays hit, the United States was at a major disadvantage to the companies globally who had en working to enhance their competitive edge due to necessity. Another cause is due to the normal accounting style that was usually taken by American businesses which was not centered around being a team or being up to date on information. Instead of making logical, information based decisions, they were going with gut feelings or personal feelings. This led to a lot of business issues and changes in the way that managers ran companies and organizations. This researcher has read a lot of articles about this particular topic and have found some more reasons for the causes and effects of the global economy. One of the biggest reasons that was found that it stems from the governments of country who enact all of the rules that tell everyone how and when they can do business and how they are to report all of their finances. And with each additional year, more and more regulations are put into place in order to protect their shareholders and investors, consumers and employees. However, with all of these regulations that are put into place to protect investors and everyone else, the companys and businesses are not protected. Now an upside to all of this is that with GAP and FIRS merging together, there is a higher demand for professionals o fill the accounting and financial needs just to keep up with all of the regulations. One Of the biggest causes for this situation is based on all of the corporate scandals and financial crises that we have seen up to this point. Because of these, rules and regulations have become stricter in the financial sections of business. Along with this, lending standards have become a lot tighter which then leads to an increase in audits, leading to proof of a companys credit worthiness. With the changes in standards, it is also producing new curriculum in colleges and universities in order to meet the emend for the new graduates in the accounting and finance fields. This researcher plans to measure the current state by looking into the practices of our business and see the methods that are currently being used and if they are adhering to the guidelines that have been put in front of them. With the way businesses are changing for globalization, we need to make sure that we have a good managerial accounting practices as well as financial accounting practices. We need to make sure that we are looking at what our opportunities are for our company and watch what our competitors are doing ore closely, so that we can keep an upper hand on our market share. We need to do our research and make sure that we are making informed decisions that are best for our company and not relying on what we think might be a good idea. We need to make sure that we are planning ahead and budgeting accordingly so that we can make the right choices to advance Our companys global presence. All of these things will help us to be a more global company and stay ahead of the curve in our markets. This researcher would measure the success of the solution by analyzing the changes that have been made and compare them against where they should be at. The methods would also be analyzed to ensure that they are still being utilized and that they are working correctly. There would also be a committee set up to monitor periodically to ensure that the guidelines are still working and being followed. Data Collection When the collection of data is done, this researcher will be analyzing it to see how well the company is taking to the new accounting procedures as well as if everything is being followed as expected. When implementing new rules and regulations, it is vital to ensure that they are understood completely and that there are not any issues remaining that need to be taken care of. For the data collection for before and after the new regulations and procedures there will be a few methods that will be utilized that will be helpful in getting the information that is needed. The methods that will be utilized are surveys, interview and observation. A survey can be used to find out what the feelings are for the methods that were currently being used prior to the new regulations and procedures. Surveys are also a good tool that can be used to see how the employees and upper management are feeling with the comfort of the new procedures as well as any areas that they personally feel that they loud use help with. The interview process, like the survey, is also a great tool for seeing how everyone is feeling before and the new regulations are implemented. But interviews are a little more in depth when compared to surveys, and researchers can go beyond the survey questions and get more detailed on how the employees are feeling about everything. And lastly, observation is key to seeing first-hand how everything is being handled. By using observation, it is possible to see how well the regulations are being implemented and if they are going as well as stated in the interviews and revues. When this researcher went to analyze the data, all of the information collected from before and after the implementation of the regulations and was organized and prepared. The information was looked at to see how effective the prior methods were with the business functions. This gave an idea of what the strengths and weaknesses were, and where they were at. After that information was analyzed and documented, the data for the methods used after the new procedures were put into place was looked at. With this information, strengths and weaknesses were also analyzed and tote so that they could be discussed with management. Research analysis Once the research has been completed, a data analysis plan will be decided and this researcher will analyze and organize the information so that it can be reviewed with the company later on. It is extremely important to analyze the findings very carefully to ensure that everything is looked at and thoroughly examined. This information is what important business decisions are based on as well as future ideas for improvement and expansion. These results can also be used as an example for other businesses that are going thought the AMA process. After analyzing the collected information, this researcher found that the company worked well with the prior accounting procedures and everyone who was involved with using them were very skilled with the methods. The new regulations and procedures took a lot of training and teaching to get everyone doing the same thing. After observing the new procedures in place, this researcher found that everyone involved was able to make a smooth transition, and have since been able to abide by the new rules without much incident. It is the opinion of this researcher that this company s ready to move forward with the new plan in place and the future of the accounting with this company well on its way to being compliant. Ethical Concerns A company being ethical is one of the smartest things that they can do. Having actions and behaviors that are deemed appropriate will help to ensure that the company maintains a good outlook with the community, because one of the fastest things to go for a company who is not honest is their reputation. Having a reputation of being unethical can also have effects on other companies who feel that they could be affected by the bad publicity ND unethical reputation. An example of this is Enron. After the scandal in 2001 their reputation took a drastic nose dive and they have not been looked at the same since. The first big ethical issue that we see with globalization is problems with jobs. Jobs in first world countries such as the US have seen a decrease in the number Of positions that are available. O jobs require laborers and manual labor are seeing a lot of their jobs going overseas to third world countries where it is cheaper to have the work done. This in turn causes hardships on the workers in this country and other first world countries. Natural resources are a really big ethical issue that is in desperate need of being addressed. With all of the manufacturing, production and every other business that is being operated in this world, the natural resources that are needed to make them run are quickly becoming depleted, as the ecological capacity is not sufficient enough to maintain it. Also, the tropical rainforests are being cut down so that they can be used for fuel and pastured for cattle grazing. With the loss of the tropical rainforests, it is having a huge effect on the entire plants oxygen levels. The third big ethical issue that stems room globalization is the health issues that can result from it With the fact that traveling around the world from country to county, it is leading to the easier spreading of highly infectious diseases. Of course this issue isnt a new one as diseases have been spread like this since the Black Death in the 14th century. An example of a disease today that has been an issue is the swine flu, which has been spread through air travel. The last major ethical issue that is a result of globalization is financial issues. Because the world is becoming increasingly globalizes, there is a rapidly growing global market ND financial interdependency between countries. The US has also seen a collapse in the supreme mortgage, which ultimately had a worldwide effect which included depression. It is extremely important to identify the ethical concerns that may arise at some point. A company needs to be aware of where any issues that they have lie so that they can be taken care of before they get out of hand. It is also important to know what issues are possible so that the company can work to prevent those problems from happening. This can also be beneficial because if a company is aware of the biggest usual ethics issues, then it is possible that they could also be able to spot the little ones as well. The relationship between globalization and the ethical concerns are that all of those four topics are commonly found during this process. With the expansion of companies overseas, they typically look at the ways that they can save money, and therefore make more money. And the concerns that have come up are several of the ways that this can be accomplished for them. It is an unfortunate situation, but it is happening with a lot of countries and a lot of companies. The ethical concerns have a deep impact because whichever direction they go will have profound implications. If they proceed with the issues that are a concern and there are job losses or cause further depletions in natural resources, then it looks badly on the company and they get bad reputation. However, if the fix any issues that prevents the concerns from taking place then they get a great reputation of being an ethical company and continue to look great to the public and shareholders. This company has taken appropriate steps in order to try to lessen the ethical issues. Such Steps include recycling paper, bottles and NAS, and conserving energy. This step will help with the depletion of natural resources, as these steps aide in that effort. When it comes to the health issues, vaccinations are required as well as limiting the amount of overseas travel that takes place. This action will help with the spread of any diseases that could come over from other countries. After observing and researching the steps and efforts, it has been discovered that the efforts have been successful and the company is doing a great job with limiting any ethical concerns that could be had. This researcher, after analyzing and evaluating he steps and efforts put forward by this company feel that the rules, regulations and procedures have begun to be implemented successfully and this company is abiding accordingly. Also after researching the ethical concerns of this company and the steps that have been taken have also shown that they are not a lot of risk of concern. This researcher feels that this company is in a place that keeps them in good standing with the public as well as their stockholders. Conclusions The new methods that have been put into place have been successful and the employees are working well with them. The company has had workshops for he workers to train them with the new procedures and regulations and there has been a lot of Success seen. A couple more training sessions have been set, so that any residual issues can be taken care of and any last minute issues or questions can be answered. The progression with the recycling has also been successful and the company is also looking at other ways to save energy and resources. There are also steps that have been put into place that will help to maintain a low risk of unethical behaviors and concerns. A mandatory rule has also been implemented requiring anyone who travels for ark to have a yearly flu shot as well as any other immunization that may be necessary. This has made a huge difference with the amount of people who are sick as well as the viruses that are being spread to everyone. There are a couple of changes that can be made in order to ease the transition of globalization. The first change that can be made is the way competition is viewed. In order to stay competitive in the global market this company will need to look at how products are made and sold. One of the first things that can be analyzed with this how the companys pricing compares with those of intention in the market. By looking at this pricing can be altered if necessary. The quality of product compared to others on the market can also be looked at. This is one of the biggest and most important aspects that can make or break a product and can give a company a competitive edge. The next change that can be made has to do with technology. With globalization, technology has become a necessity. And with that, companies have to stay up to date with the newest and best technology that is on the market.

Hare and the Tortoise Essays

Hare and the Tortoise Essays Hare and the Tortoise Essay Hare and the Tortoise Essay Unlike animals, humans are a strange case of self-conscious beings. We can ask questions about ourselves, we can deliberate about others. We form opinions and judgments about others whereas animals are content on feeding themselves and they do not even ask questions about themselves. This is the primary source of the emergence of the human identity. Who am I? is the question that encompasses our identity. But ironically while we call it the I or me, we often fail to realize that a large portion of it is in fact constructed by others- their opinions, ideas, and experiences. Human life and human personality are nothing but a gradual development through the accumulation of knowledge through the various Ways of Knowing (Emotion, Perception, Logic Language). They work collectively through an external medium to form human life and personality. Which of these Ways of Knowing does a novel use? Which Ways of Knowing does scientific psychology use? The answer lies before us! While novels employ all the four ways in great depth, scientific psychology employs mainly logic. Upon reflecting on this alone, one would have to agree to Noam Chomskys claim. From the very beginning, we are brought up with nursery rhymes and fairy tales. Though not evidently, these do give a child a vague concept of what human behavior is like and what generally life is all about from the very start. For instance; the jealous step-mother in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs portrays and emotion Jealousy that every human being undergoes at some stage in life. The Hare and the Tortoise teaches us that Slow and steady wins the race. : The Fox and the Grapes where the fox, upon failing to reach the grapes hanging high up on a vine says The grapes are sour anyway Though Psychology may term this phenomenon rationalization or reduction of cognitive dissonance, the story originated in much simpler terms and in colloquial speech this story refers to most people who after losing deny the intention to win altogether. 1 Hence, besides human behavior, the stories that we have been brought up with also impart the various lessons in life. One would never see a child learning through scientific psychology. The stories, nursery rhymes and fairy tales that we are exposed to in the initial stages of our life are definitely involved in forming the fundamental concepts of human life, personality and behavior. Autobiographical novels are when Emotions and Logic are brought forward through the medium of Language which we then Perceive as we delve into the protagonists life and experiences; this is when one can truly acquire knowledge. In some cases, the author may try to explain a psychological term through the help of a story. For example, D.H. Lawrences Sons Lovers portrays Freuds concept of the Oedipus Complex. Though unbelievable this phenomenon is very common in a place like India where men in their thirties still live with their mothers and in due time, become so dependent on them that they begin to find similar qualities in their lovers. Many novels that are read are third person narration omniscient. The fact that they are omniscient helps us to understand the different emotions that the characters feel and what causes them. Hence, one can get a true understanding of life and personality through logical deductive reasoning. Apart from learning about human life and behavior, novels, much like scientific psychology also help to explore the various myths and instincts embedded deep in our psyche. The Hero Myth for example, which is seen in many a novel. We humans are beset with brokenness and imperfection and are constantly in search of an Ideal Self, the person we all want to be. But society pressures and our own sense of adapting as well as fitting brings us to a realization that the above can only be an ideal case and never a real one. Just like the hero myth, the Mother Myth and the Jealous Romeo myth are also very commonly incorporated in novels. What we read greatly affects our subconscious, to which we then react with what we would term instincts. This also answers the fundamental question in ToK How can we know without knowing that we know? Art is an Area of Knowledge that is grouped in the category of creativity. But TS Eliot in his essay Tradition and the individual talent states that even art is greatly influenced by the artists traditions, experiences and moreover what he reads. No poet, no artist of any art, has his complete meaning alone.2 Novels in a similar way affect our understanding of the other various Areas of Knowledge. Until recently, consciousness which is a great part of psychology was not much studied by the Natural Sciences; it was considered philosophy. Scientific psychology has one immense drawback, that of being non-emotive. Stuart Sutherland wrote in the International Dictionary of Psychology Consciousness is a fascinating but elusive phenomenon; it is impossible to specify what it is, what it does, or why it evolved. Nothing worth reading has been written about it.3 The fact that nothing has been written about it shows how non-emotive psychology really is. Moreover even if there were something substantial written about it, it is not accessible to everyone and not many people would bother to research as much as they would read novels. But when they do come across a concept in a novel, they are left with no choice but to find out what it is all about and that is hen they would consider taking the pains to research on that particular topic which they would not otherwise.

Amphicyon - Facts and Figures

Amphicyon - Facts and Figures Name: Amphicyon (Greek for ambiguous dog); pronounced AM-fih-SIGH-on Habitat: Plains of the northern hemisphere Historical Epoch: Middle Oligocene-Early Miocene (30-20 million years ago) Size and Weight: Varies by species; up to six feet long and 400 pounds Diet: Omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; bear-like body About Amphicyon Despite its nickname, the Bear Dog, Amphicyon was directly ancestral to neither bears nor dogs. This was the most prominent genus of the family of mammalian, vaguely canine-like carnivores that succeeded the larger creodonts (typified by Hyaenodon and Sarkastodon) but preceded the first true dogs. True to its nickname, Amphicyon looked like a small bear with the head of a dog, and it probably pursued a bear-like lifestyle as well, feeding opportunistically on meat, carrion, fish, fruit, and plants. The front legs of this prehistoric mammal were especially well-muscled, meaning it could probably stun prey senseless with a single well-aimed swipe of its paw. Befitting a mammal with such a lengthy provenance in the fossil recordabout 10 million years, from the middle Oligocene to the early Miocene epochsthe genus Amphicyon embraced nine separate species. The two largest, the appropriately named A. major and A. giganteus, weighed up 400 pounds fully grown and roamed the expanse of Europe and the near east. In North America, Amphicyon was represented by A. galushai, A. frendens, and A. ingens, which were slightly smaller than their Eurasian cousins; various other species hailed from modern-day India and Pakistan, Africa, and the far east. (The European species of Amphicyon were identified in the early 19th century, but the first American species was only announced to the world in 2003.) Did Amphicyon hunt in packs, like modern wolves? Probably not; more likely this megafauna mammal stayed well out of the way of its pack-hunting competitors, contenting itself with (say) piles of rotting fruit or the carcass of a recently deceased Chalicotherium. (On the other hand, oversized grazing animals like Chalicotherium were themselves so slow that elderly, sick or juvenile herd members could easily be picked off by a solitary Amphicyon.) In fact, its likely that the Bear Dog faded from the world scene 20 million years ago, at the end of its long reign, because it was displaced by better-adapted (i.e., faster, sleeker, and more lightly built) hunting animals.

Cost-Benefit Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Cost-Benefit Analysis - Assignment Example The company should limit access to sensitive information and, as a result, prevent any leakage (Gantz & Philpott 4). Another threat is software attacks. The company may produce software that is vulnerable to certain software. People may decide to purchase alternative software if the problem persists. Trojans, worms and viruses that significantly affect the working of the software, may attack the software. Operating system update is instrumental in dealing with malicious software. Hardware encompasses the threat of theft. The theft of the hardware may be through employees or strangers who visit the various companies. The theft can occur during civil disturbances where there is no guarantee of security. Hardware can also be damaged when in transit or at the shops. Checkpoints and increased surveillance of premises are necessary where any suspicious activity is not instantly and dealt with immediately (Gantz & Philpott 4). The assumptions on asset value were based on their current values in the market, value to competitors, the replacement of an asset if lost and any compromising issues arising from external forces. The effects of liabilities in case of a compromised asset were put into consideration. I had to make the assumptions because hard data is not easily available though one could quantify the assets efficiently based on the expensive technological products. The frequency of the threats would be a challenge though in the technical business companies deal with similar products and therefore software violations can occur. The challenges were many as the determination of the many controls in the market and their differing prices. The choice of an effective control like setting up firewall was challenging since most of the products offer similar services but have different prices. The choice of an effective control like setting up a

MAJOR PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MAJOR PROJECT - Essay Example ult, millions of visitors globally are invading the nation to view its unique natural environments and promote the spectacular views available in Asia. In addition, China has also identified and defined an agency or China National Tourism Administration or CNTA to take charge of promoting tourism both nationally and internationally and this has been effective in promoting tourism awareness locally and internationally. Like the world, China is has taken up ecotourism which encourages travelers to walk calmly or give back to the communities and environments that they visit. In China, 2009 became the ecotourism year as designated by CNTA, where travelers were encouraged to exercise green travelling and experience eco-evolution. Although the aspect of ecotourism has remained amongst Chinese people and the world for long, CNTA is actively engaged in promoting eco-tourism in China as a free arrangement of tourism, environmental preservation and bridging cultural understanding. Consequently , tourists are not just visitors but also people who actively fight to preserve the setting (Ruan). In China, regardless of the favorable conditions required for ecotourism like plenty of biodiversity and beauty, the extent of success in ecotourism development is limited but the future is brighter in the presence of CNTA agency in promoting ecotourism it attracts visitors to Asia with the aim of leaving positive impact. In this case travelers are not just involved in looking through the window of a tour bus but getting muddy under your finger nails thereby experiencing a place by involving in the issues in that place. In order to explore eco-tourism in China, the discussion in this paper focuses on one ecotourism site named Wenhai Ecolodge as one of the eco-tourism venues in the Southwestern region of China. The rationale for studying Wenhai Ecolodge is the fact that it is the first of Chinese â€Å"Green Resorts†(Fodors Travel n.p). It is located near Lake Wenhai and this contributes

Admission to the Master’s Program in Physical Anthropology Essay Example for Free

Admission to the Master’s Program in Physical Anthropology Essay I had always been enamored with science; accordingly I did my major in Chemistry and Archaeology from the University of Virginia. In this process I attended two archeological digs. One of these was of six weeks duration at a Native American Site that dated back to the seventeenth century. The other one was conducted at a Historical Site that pertained to the nineteenth century, during one of the semesters in college. During the course of my studies in archeology, I performed an isotopic analysis on hair samples obtained from ancient Egyptian mummies, in order to discover the diet that they used to consume. Subsequent, to graduating with a degree in chemistry and archaeology, I discontinued my studies in order to take stock of my life and also to foray into the field of penmanship by writing a novel. Afterwards, I examined the various graduate programs that I could join in order to continue my education. My interest in science actuated me to pursue a program in patent law in the law school. I did extremely well at law school, but I was not enamored by the study of law or what I saw of legal practice. In my opinion it seemed to be a profession that was motivated solely by personal gain and avarice and was least concerned with the advancement of society.   After the successful completion of the first year of this program, my professors and lawyers persuaded me to continue with it as it would become more interesting.   This assurance caused me to persevere with legal studies. See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay Nevertheless, the excitement generated by the acquisition of knowledge was never experienced by me. In addition, I never felt curious about discovering something new in this field of study. This was a novel experience, because I had been elated and thrilled by the process of acquiring knowledge as an undergraduate science student.   However, the time expended in acquiring a law degree was not an utter waste of time and effort. I became adept at analyzing and arguing in a legal manner. Furthermore, I acquired knowledge regarding the historical foundation of our legal system, and I grasped the nuances of patent law.   Thus, I decided to court my original and true love, which is science. Accordingly, I scouted around and subjected the various graduate programs for which I was eligible. My search, which was quite elaborate, disclosed that physical anthropology was ideally suited to my needs. Anthropology is derived from the Greek anthropos or human and logia or study. In other words anthropology constitutes the stud of humankind right from the time that man first appeared on this planet. Each and every aspect of humans is studied in this field of study and the focus is on a holistic approach to mankind. This is a fascinating study and it has four branches, namely cultural, linguistic, archaeological and biological anthropology. My predilection is towards biological or physical anthropology, which studies the biological origins, evolutionary development and genetic diversity of humans. An attempt is also made in this branch of study to comprehend human nature, the brain’s evolution and the nervous system (What is Anthropology? , 2006). My life’s ambition is to successfully complete the master program in physical anthropology and subsequently, obtain a PhD in this field of study. I am extremely interested in primatology or the study of primates, palaeoanthropology or the study of fossil hominids and genetics. At present I am involved with genetic research on mollusks at the Chicago Academy of Sciences. References    What is Anthropology? . (2006). Retrieved November 8, 2007, from American Anthropological Association: http://www.aaanet.org/anthbroc.htm

The Taming of the Shrew :: The Taming of the Shrew

The Taming of the Shrew Shrew--1Free, Mary. â€Å"Hortensio’s Role in Closing The Taming of the Shrew’s Induction,† RenaissancePapers 1999 (1999): 43-53.1Laurie E. Maguire, â€Å"Cultural Control in The Taming of the Shrew,†Renaissance Drama 26 (1995): 83.2Larry S. Champion, The Evolution of Shakespeare’s Comedy: A Study inDramatic Perspective, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970), 38. 3David Bevington, The Complete Works of Shakespeare, updated 4thed. (NewYork: Longman 1997), 110.Hortensio’s Role in Closing The Taming of the Shrew’s InductionThe minor characters in The Taming of the Shrew receive little critical attention and to anextent rightly so. As Laurie E. Maguire points out, â€Å"To say that Shakespeare’s [play] is. . .abouttaming is to state the obvious: the ‘wooing’ of Katherine by Petruchio, perhaps more than anyother main plot in Shakespeare, dominates performance and criticism.†1The minor charactersserve primarily, according to Larry S. Champion, as "comic pointers" to the main plot's action oras dupes to the more clever.2To relegate Hortensio to either of these categories, however,ignores his centrality as motivator of the main plot, and although David Bevington findsHortensio â€Å"laughably inept†3--he functions, in fact, as the main plot’s lynchpin. Hortensio isthe first to draw our attention to the shrewish Katherine, and it is he who seizes the opportunity S hrew--2Free, Mary. â€Å"Hortensio’s Role in Closing The Taming of the Shrew’s Induction,† RenaissancePapers 1999 (1999): 43-53.4See Martha Andrensen-Thom, â€Å"Shrew-Taming and Other Rituals of Aggression:Baiting and Bonding on the Stage and in the Wild,† Women’s Studies 9, no. 2(1982): 121-143; Ann Barton, Introduction to The Taming of the Shrew, in TheRiverside Shakespeare, 2d ed., gen. ed. G. Blakemore Evans (Boston: Houghton,1997),138-41; Emily Detmer, â€Å"Civilizing Subordination: Domestic Violence inThe Taming of the Shrew,† Shakespeare Quarterlyâ€Å" 48, no. 3 (fall 1997): 273-294; Jean E. Howard, Introduction to The Taming of the Shrew, in The NortonShakespeare, gen. ed. Stephen Greenblatt (New York: Norton, 1997), 133-141;Natasha Korda, â€Å"Household Kates: Domesticating Commodities in The Taming of theShrew,† Shakespeare Quarterly 47, no. 2 (summer 1996): 110-131; and Murray J.Levith, Shakespeare’s Italian Set tings and Plays (New York: St. Martin’s,1989), 46-53.5See Richard A. Burt, â€Å"Charisma, Coercion, and Comic Form in The Taming ofthe Shrew, Criticism 26, no.4 (fall 1984): 295-311; and Jeanne Addison Roberts,â€Å"Horses and Hermaphrodites: Metamorphoses in The Taming of the Shrew,†Shakespeare Quarterly 34, no.2 (summer 1983): 159-171.to suggest Katherine as a wife for Petruchio. More important to my purpose, however, isHortensio's function in the play's final two acts. While several critics–Martha Andrensen-Thom,Ann Barton, Emily Detmer, Jean E.

Louisa May Alcott-Term Paper Essay

Many authors use experiences from their life as a guide to their writing. It’s a way to express their feelings and emotions, and it’s something in which they can be passionate. Writers and authors think on a different level than anyone else. They are constantly thinking of different ideas for novels, poems or stories. The best writing comes from those who use their own lives as a basis for their writing. They know what to write about and how to describe it perfectly. The best thing about writing from experience, I think, is that, since it’s still a fictional story, you can have an idea about what you want to write about, but you’re still able to add the interesting and fun details you want to. I believe that Louisa May Alcott has written from her own life experiences. In Eight Cousins, Rose Campbell’s father passed away and she went to live with two of her aunts and her uncle, closely surrounded by her seven male cousins, as well as their mothers. She was a sickly girl and the only cure her uncle could think of was to get active, whether it was considered ladylike or not. When the two first met, he immediately got her to be outside more and to spend a little less time thinking about her health. Alcott was perceived as a tomboy and would often play outside, climbing trees or running around. She had a boy neighbor, about her age, with whom she would often play. The two were almost inseparable for a while, and he was described by Alcott as the brother she always wanted. Continuing in Eight Cousins, Rose befriended the maid of the household, Phebe, and eventually adopted her as her own sister. Rose believed in a good education, as did Alcott, and would teach Phebe all sorts of different school subjects on her own time. Rose was well educated in Latin and loved to read. She very much enjoyed school, and was extremely smart, though most of the young women in her time weren’t educated. Both Rose and Phebe looked forward to the times when they would get to study together. Phebe was never educated before, though she wished to be, and really appreciated Rose for teaching her. â€Å"For women such as Alcott, the world in which they live included women who needed to move beyond the traditional domestic ideal.†(â€Å"Unsexed†) Rose was part of the family living in a house with a maid. She was expected to clean up after herself, as was everyone else, but she went beyond that, offering to cook or clean, even when the help wasn’t asked of her. She made sure she was educated and healthy, yet still humble at the same time. Rose always wanted to help. In Eight Cousins, it was prominently noted that once Rose went to live with her aunts, uncles, and cousins, there was a major improvement in her. â€Å"In an era when women had few options for earning money, Alcott determined to overcome her family’s poverty through her prolific writing.† (â€Å"Louisa† 3) Alcott’s family struggled when it came to money, but after moving several times, things got a little easier, especially when Alcott herself started making money on h er works. â€Å"In the later juvenile novel Rose in Bloom, the theme of women’s rights is interwoven throughout the lives of its characters.†(â€Å"Louisa† 3) Alcott never married, and part of the reason was that she didn’t want to give up her independence. This was an era where women weren’t given as much respect as men, and hardly had any freedom for themselves. Alcott was very much a pro-women’s rights advocate. She did everything she could to try and get a say in society. She joined clubs and groups, and protested against the treatment women were given. â€Å"Alcott was always a strong advocate for social reforms including abolition, prison reform, and temperance, but her primary efforts were directed towards the cause of women’s suffrage.† (â€Å"Louisa† 3) In Rose in Bloom, Rose returned from a two year voyage overseas and decided that she was going to leave her mark in this world. She was a wealthy girl, so she used a lot of her money to open up homes for women and children in need. Rose too believed that women deserved an equal say in this world. â€Å"Her juvenile stories emphasize self-sacrifice and devotion to duty.†(â€Å"Louisa† 2) â€Å"Such novels have remained extremely popular for over a century† (â€Å"Louisa† 1) Alcott was a classic writer and she used her writing as a way to speak up for herself. Both Eight Cousins and Rose in Bloom can be considered almost auto-biographical, but her main story that related to her own life was Little Women, for which Alcott is most famous. Little Women was about four girls who went through their life experiencing different events along the way. When Alcott was writing, she received a request from her publisher to write a novel about a typical American girl. She was skeptical at first, but then agreed. Alcott used herself, as well as her three sisters, as her inspiration for the four main characters. â€Å"The heroine of Little Women, for example, is a rebellious young woman who strives for independence and personal achievement as a writer, but ultimately modifies her dreams when she gets married- a fact that has caused this novel to be regarded as antifeminist by some critics.†(â€Å"Louisa† 1) Although not all of the things that happened in the book happened to her, many of the events did occur in her own life. â€Å"A prominent theme in much of Alcott’s fiction is the conflict experienced by women who must choose between individuality and the bonds of family responsibilities and social traditions.†(â€Å"Louisa† 1) Alcott went beyond what was expected of her and chose to be an individual. She didn’t appreciate how women were treated, so she stood up for herself and used her books and writings to tell about it. â€Å"Her subversive sensational stories not only defied 19th-century values of womanhood, but also rebelled against the teachings of her father, Bronson Alcott, who believed in traditional ‘femininity’ and sentimentalism, in a search for human perfectionism.†(â€Å"Louisa† 2) Alcott truly used her life and feelings as her basis for writing, which is evident in her books. I believe that is why she turned out to be such a great writer. She wrote from her heart and wasn’t afraid to let people know who she really was. WORKS CITED Alexander, Lynn. â€Å"Unsexed by labor: middle-class women and the need to work.† bNet. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2011. . Ditchfield, Christin. Louisa May Alcott: Author of Little Women. Scholastic Inc., 2005. Print.

Lemon Max

Market Analysis Dishwash market of Pakistan is a bar driven market. Vim’s major competitor is Max while the rest of the brands like Safoon, Anna Bar are very small in size. Price Price is very important for this category. In order to market share, competitors use price as a unique selling point (USP). Max is a price leader in dish wash market. Max and Vim are price tag parity and both are price premium. Vim is low grammage and high price although it is not a noticeable difference. Price comparison of Bars between Vim and Max according to SKUs are as follows.Max Bar| Vim Bar| Small Bar Pack (110 grams) cost Rs. 12| Small Bar Pack (110 grams) cost Rs. 12| Number of SKUs| Bar (200 grams) cost Rs. 22| Long Bar Pack (330 grams) cost Rs 32| Long Bar Pack (300 grams) cost Rs. 33| Product Portfolio Max Protfolio includes Max Bar, Azadi Dish Bar, Max Sourers, Max Liquid and Max Antibacterial. Max Bar is targeting urban area while Azadi dish bar is targeting rural area. Lemon Max Bar In troduction Lemon Max Bar is a quality washing bar. Lemon Max Bar is a with leadership among dish wash segment of FMCG in Pakistan.Lemon Max Bar is product of Colgate Palmolive which was launched in 1982 with scourer embedded tagline â€Å"Hara Kaam Maun Khara Nimbo Ki Taqat Say Bhara†. Lemon Max Bar Consumers Primary shoppers of Max Bar are women and housewives and secondary are men purchasing household items. Brand is used for dish washing at home with the essence of lemon in it. Many year of sale and consumption at home consumers have approved Max Bar is a high quality product with many benefits. Lemon Max Growth Period Max Bar with strong, lemon-like, grease cleansing action and name that gave impression of foreign brand.Brands pass through ups and down then got stabilized and become market leader in terms of sales and Brand name. In 1985,brand manager learnt that consumer perceive that scourer damaged the dishes then they launched max liquid to overcome this perception. A t the same time Unilever Pakistan ,the mega corporate giant of FMCG’s , launched its brand under the name of â€Å"Rin† in dishwashing segment of FMCG. The competition become aggressive in terms of promotion, retails distribution and event placement. But according to market experts, consumer used brand for cleaning their quality dishes utensils.Due to heavy advertisement and erroneous branding decision Rin brand got positioning problems , product colour confusion among the consumers. Taking advantage from that opportunity, revelry brand â€Å"Max Bar† makes aggressive movements by heavy promotions. Soon Mac brand takes the game by kicking Rin Brand out of market form distribution to media promotion and become market leader. In 2001, Rin brand repositioned himself and change to â€Å"vim† and entered in to the market . Competition again got fierce between max bar and Vim due to heavy marketing budget form unilever gain to pull the max bar from market.In th e end of 2004, Rin vanish from the market and max become the leader in the market. After that many brands emerge on the competition arena like Safoon and Aana bar ,raising competition with the Max bar with relatively low price. For tackling this Max Bar launched 200 gm and sachet in that brand to gain an edge in the competition. But still Max Bar got 60 percent of the market share. In 2011, Unilever has relaunched Vim in dishwashing category. Vim gives a fierce competition to Lemon Max and start gaining market share from lemon max and other small players in the market.Lemon Max Liquid Liquid dishwash is targeted at urban upper middle class home makers and here the users are home maids rather than home makers. It will be difficult to teach house maids to use the liquid efficiently. People perceived both the liquid brands same. Although, Vim is a concentrated gel while Max is a dilute liquid. Concentrated gels are used less as compare to dilute solution. Gels are more efficient in dis h wash. Max Liquid Bottle| Vim Liquid Bottle| 275 ml cost Rs. 65| 250 ml cost Rs. 115| 475 ml cost Rs. 95 rs| 500 ml cost Rs. 190| Distribution of Lemon MaxLemon Max distribution is very strong. They are available and visible in almost every store. TRENDS * Economic growth during the early part of the review period encouraged new trends in dining, with these continuing to spread at the end of the review period. There was for example strong growth in the number of restaurants in the country and also the widening use of feasts to celebrate weddings. The serving of meals became more elaborate, with consumers using a growing number of dishes. These trends continued to support growth in dishwashing at the end of the review period. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE Unilever was the leading player in dishwashing in 2010 with a value share of almost 18%. The company benefits from a strong advertising presence, with its Vim brand thus enjoying widespread awareness and loyalty. The company also benefits from the widespread availability of Vim, which is prominently displayed in most outlets that offer hand dishwashing. The company also offers the premium Persil brand in hand dishwashing, which appeals to many mid- and high-income consumers. PROSPECTS * Hand dishwashing is expected to benefit from economic growth and urbanisation in Pakistan during the forecast period.As consumers move to cities and experience higher disposable income levels, their habits are likely to change. A growing focus on hygiene will encourage many to trade up from bar detergents to hand dishwashing when washing dishes. Lemon Max Bar Product History: Lemon Max Bar is a quality is washing bar with leadership in dish wash segment in Pakistan. Lemon Max Bar is product of Colgate Palmolive, which was launched in 1982 with scourer embedded. Primary shoppers of Max Bar are women/housewives that use brand for cleaning their household dishes. The consumers have approved high quality standards and benefits offered by Max Bar.Max Bar with strong, lemon-like, grease cleansing action and name that gave impression of foreign brand. In 1985 the brand manager learnt that consumer perceive that scourer damaged the dishes then they launched max liquid unilever launched their Rin in this dishwashing segment. The competition become heat up but according to survey consumer used brand for their quality dishes utensils. Heavy promotion started between these two brands. Rin got positioning problems and product color confusion among the consumer taking advantage from that opportunity max take the game by heavy promotion and positioning of lemon power.In 2001, Rin was change to vim and gave a challenge to the max bar and again competition starts. At the end of 2004 Rin vanish from the market and max become the leader in the market. Advertising Strategy: An advertising strategy is a campaign developed to communicate ideas about products and services to potential consumers in the hopes of convincing them to buy t hose products and services. Execution: The overall creativity of the dishwasher bar is good and is highly acceptable in the Pakistan’s existing market people having different income level can purchase it and it is available in every departmental store with a reasonable price.The packaging is in green and yellow color with largely written MAX in the middle of the bar. The bar is not just limited to clean the utensils it also gives the fragrance of lemon. Creative idea: The company board made these question within them and find the solutions for right promotion and media the task is to choosing the media through which the customers and viewers perceive what the company to make them aware about the product and they have a brand loyalty about it after watching and using it. 1. Who is our audience? 2.Where are we now in the minds of our target audience? 3. Where are our competitors in the minds of our target audience? 4. Where do we want to be in the minds of our target audience? 5. What is the consumer promise or the big idea? 6. What is the supporting evidence? 7. What is the tone of voice of the ad? Strategy: Max's marketing strategy is a notable example of successful frontal attack. The brand was able to find a credible and sustainable differentiator against Vim. Max took the position of an Antibacterial dish wash bar to fight Vim.Max was Pakistan's first Anti-bacterial dish wash bar. As usual, the germs were at the receiving end. Max positioned itself as a dish wash bar that killed all the bacteria in the utensils. The positioning was very smart since Vim was positioned based on cleanliness. Max is innovative in creating awareness about the possibility of germs in utensils. There was also another smart idea from the brand. In theory, we often say that the differentiator should be relevant, sustainable and not easily copied by competitors. Communication Media:The characteristics of the target consumer need to be consider as an advertiser decides what med ia to use. The types of media categories from which advertisers of choose include the following: * Print—Primarily newspapers (both weekly and daily) and magazines. * Audio—FM and AM radio. * Video—Promotional videos, infomercials. * Outdoor advertising—Billboards, advertisements on public transportation (cabs, buses). USP of MAX is†¦ â€Å"Hara Kam Main Khara† In addition, the other one is â€Å"Ghulae Kam Zayada Chalae† AD Type:The Ad, which I presented, is the persuasive.

Concentration and Molarity Worked Example Problem

Concentration and Molarity Worked Example Problem Question a) Explain how to prepare 25 liters of a 0.10 M BaCl2 solution, starting with solid BaCl2.b) Specify the volume of the solution in (a) needed to get 0.020 mol of BaCl2. Solution Part a): Molarity is an expression of the moles of solute per liter of solution, which can be written: molarity (M) moles solute / liters solution Solve this equation for moles solute: moles solute molarity Ãâ€" liters solution Enter the values for this problem: moles BaCl2 0.10 mol/liter times 25 litermoles BaCl2 2.5 mol To determine how many grams of BaCl2 are needed, calculate the weight per mole. Look up the atomic masses for the elements in BaCl2 from the Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be: Ba 137Cl 35.5 Using these values: 1 mol BaCl2 weighs 137 g 2(35.5 g) 208 g So the mass of BaCl2 in 2.5 mol is: mass of 2.5 moles of BaCl2 2.5 mol Ãâ€" 208 g / 1 molmass of 2.5 moles of BaCl2 520 g To make the solution, weigh out 520 g of BaCl2 and add water to get 25 liters. Part b): Rearrange the equation for molarity to get: liters of solution moles solute / molarity In this case: liters solution moles BaCl2 / molarity BaCl2liters solution 0.020 mol / 0.10 mol/literliters solution 0.20 liter or 200 cm3 Answer Part a). Weigh out 520 g of BaCl2. Stir in sufficient water to give a final volume of 25 liters. Part b). 0.20 liter or 200 cm3

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1914

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1914 The assassination of an Austrian Archduke was the trigger for World War I, yet things were so nearly different. His death set off a chain reaction, as  mutual defense alliances  mobilized a list of countries, including Russia, Serbia, France, Austria-Hungary, and Germany, to declare war.   An Unpopular Archduke and an Unpopular Day In 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to both the Habsburg throne and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was not a popular man, having married a woman who – while a Countess – was deemed far below his station, and their children had been barred from the succession. Nevertheless, he was the heir and had both interests in the state and state commitments, and in 1913 he was asked to visit newly annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina and inspect their troops. Franz Ferdinand accepted this engagement, as it meant his usually sidelined and insulted wife would officially be with him. Ceremonies were planned for June 28th, 1914 in Sarajevo, the couple’s wedding anniversary. Unfortunately, this was also the anniversary of the First Battle of Kosovo, the struggle in 1389 which Serbia had convinced itself saw Serbian independence crushed by their defeat to the Ottoman Empire. This was a problem, because many in the newly independent Serbia claimed Bosnia-Herzegovina for themselves, and fumed at Austria-Hungary’s recent annexation. Terrorism One man in particular who took particular umbrage at this event was Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb had devoted his life to protecting Serbia, no matter the consequences. Assassinations and other politically charged murders were not out of the question for Princip. Despite being more bookish than charismatic, he managed to enlist the support of a small group of friends, who he convinced to kill Franz Ferdinand and his wife on June 28th. It was to be a suicide mission, so they wouldn’t be around to see the result. Princip claimed to have originated the plot himself but he did not have trouble finding allies for the mission: friends to train. The most important group of allies was the Black Hand, a secret society in the Serb army, who provided Princep and his co-conspirators with pistols, bombs,  and poison. Despite the complexity of the operation, they managed to keep it under wraps.  There were rumors of a vague threat that reached all the way up to the Serbian Prime Minister, but they quickly dismissed.   The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand On Sunday June 28th, 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie traveled in a motorcade through Sarajevo; their car was open topped and there was little security. The would-be assassins positioned themselves at intervals along the route. Initially, one assassin threw a bomb, but it rolled off the convertible roof and exploded against the wheel of a passing car, causing only minor injuries. Another assassin couldn’t get the bomb out of his pocket because of the crowd’s density, a third felt too close to a policeman to try, a fourth had an attack of conscience over Sophie and a fifth ran off. Princip, away from this scene, thought he’d missed his chance. The royal couple continued with their day as normal, but after the display at the Town Hall Franz Ferdinand insisted he visit the mildly injured members of his party in the hospital. However, confusion led to the driver heading to their original destination: a museum. As the vehicles stopped in the road to decide which route to take, Princip found himself next to the car. He drew his pistol and shot the Archduke and his wife at point-blank range. He then tried to shoot himself, but the crowd stopped him. He then took poison, but it was old and simply caused him to vomit; the police then arrested him before he was lynched. Within half an hour, both targets were dead. The Aftermath No one in Austria-Hungary’s government was particularly upset by Franz Ferdinand’s death; indeed, they were more relieved he was not going to cause any more constitutional problems. Across the capitals of Europe, few other people were overly upset, except the Kaiser in Germany, who had tried to cultivate Franz Ferdinand as a friend and ally. As such, the assassination didn’t seem to be a major, world-changing event. But Austria-Hungary had been looking for an excuse to attack Serbia, and this provided them with the cause they needed. Their actions would soon trigger World War I, leading to years of bloody slaughter on a largely static Western Front, and repeated failures by the Austrian army on the Eastern and Italian Fronts. At the end of the war the Austro-Hungarian Empire had collapsed, and Serbia found itself the core of a new Kingdom of the ​Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.    Test your knowledge of the origins of WWI.

Compare Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will with Humphrey Jennings' Essay

Compare Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will with Humphrey Jennings' Listen to Britain' in their function as propaganda fi - Essay Example A scrutiny of these phenomena shows that most of them have resorted to propaganda to manipulate their constituencies into believing that their rules were the best for the people and the country. In the early 20th centuries, with two wars closely following each other, both the Allied and Axis Powers resorted to propaganda to persuade the world and their constituencies to their positions. The ubiquitous use of propaganda was closely associated with Hitler and the Nazi Party, but Great Britain was not excepted as it also dabbled in propaganda produced by a film outfit attached to one of its agencies to help in the war efforts. Two brilliant examples of wartime propaganda are Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of Will, which was released a little before WWII, and Humphrey Jenning’s Listen to Britain. These two documentaries can be differentiated by their artistic approaches and perspectives: one presented a stunningly visual, technically revolutionary film with intense and graphica lly powerful scenes whilst the other projected a laidback style with sequences that lingered more on leisurely activities rather than the frenzy that usually accompany war. Propaganda: Definition Propaganda, which comes from the Latin word ‘propaganda,’ literally means ‘to sow’. ... Jowett et al defines it as â€Å"the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behaviour to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.†1 As a powerful tool to shape public perception, propaganda had been used in the various periods of history to persuade the public to support politicians and governments, change faith, initiate and sustain wars, campaigns and revolutions, restructure societies and justify expansionism. In ancient of Athens, propaganda was employed by Pisistrasus, who feigned victimisation to gain the support of the public, and subsequent rulers as well as philosophers. During the Middle Ages to the Age of the Enlightenment, monarchical power was advanced through favourably written history, wandering minstrels, pilgrims and legal philosophers. Propaganda became prevalent and took a modern form during the French Revolution where committees were established by the revolutionaries to handle the different aspects of propaganda. French revolutionists employed the strategy naming of official enemies of the people to consolidate public perception, encourage revenge and compensate inadequacies. This technique was later adopted by Hitler with the Jews and Lenin against the Kulaks.2 A Comparative Analysis: Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl and Listen to Britain by Humphrey Jennings Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl and Listen to Britain by Humphrey Jennings are two documentary films that have each earned a reputation as well-crafted propaganda for their respective countries. The first was released in 1934 in Germany prior to World War II at the time the Nazi Party was gaining popularity and was used to portray a

Homeless vietnam veterans and what is being done to help them Essay

Homeless vietnam veterans and what is being done to help them - Essay Example According to the Department of Veteran Affairs, the number of homeless Vietnam era veterans exceeds the number of fatalities that occurred during the war. Statistics show that forty seven percent of the homeless veterans served during the Vietnam Era. At present there are more than 200 community-based veteran organizations, besides the federal and state agencies in the United States, that are working toward providing the best possible care to these unfortunate war veterans. Besides these there are also some organizations in Australia, Canada, and South Korea that are helping the homeless veterans in their nation. Many of them have quite an impressive achievement record. There has been a lot of support and a vast number of people have benefited from the various programs. But statistics still show that more than 600,000 veterans are homeless at some point during the year. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) The VA was one of the first organizations that extended its wholehearted a nd sincere support to the homeless Vietnam War Veterans. ... Over the years, the VA has launched many new programs, which dealt with specific problems faced by the war veterans (NCHV Releases FY 2010 Annual Report, 2011). Project CHALLENG In 1994, the VA launched the project CHALENG, which assessed the needs of the homeless veterans living in a particular area and then focused on their health care, education, job assessment, training, placement, and counseling. It also prepared a list of all the homeless services in the local area and encouraged coordinated services, which proved to be much more beneficial than individual efforts (HUD, VA Release Supplemental Report on Veteran Homelessness, 2011). Healthcare for Homeless Veterans (HCHV) Program This program reaches out to the thousands of homeless people who are currently not receiving any kind of benefits and so are most vulnerable. Prompt assistance is offered and the fundamentals problems that led to homelessness are addressed. They are then provided with individual care that includes getti ng physical and mental health care, substance abuse treatment, and help finding food, shelter, clothing and transportation (Homeless Veterans, n.d.). HCHV/Grant Per Diem Program The purpose of this program is to fund community agencies that provide services to the homeless veterans. It promotes the development of supportive housing for the homeless veterans to achieve residential stability. This program provides grants through a competitive process for up to 65% of the costs of construction, renovation, or acquisition of a building for use as service centers or transitional housing for the homeless Veterans. The VA has recently founded a National Call Center. This Homeless Veterans hotline ensures that the homeless Veterans or

Operations Planning and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operations Planning and Control - Essay Example However, demand for organizational products is influenced by many factors as explained by Ahlersten (2008, p. 87). These factors include the price of the products, time of the year, price of other substitute and complementary products, taste and preferences of customers and the income of the population. In addition, demand is determined by the expectations of customers in changes of price and quantities supplied in the market. This however depends on all other factors remaining constant. Dilts (2004, p. 68) asserts that demand must be backed by the purchasing power of the customers and is always related to a specific price and time. Consequently, it is critical for organizations to optimize the supply of products during the peak demand period to ensure that the customers are able to access the services demanded. This is the greatest dilemma facing Holly Farm. The Farm at the beginning of 2007 decided to open its doors for paying visitors to view their Farm. The organization is involv ed in both dairy and arable livestock rearing. To ensure the comfort of their visitors, the company invested its entire savings constructing a 50-space car park and a six park for the 40-seater coaches. Furthermore they invested in constructing a safe area for viewing the milking parlour, purchased special trailers to transport passengers around the farm on guided tours and a children’s recreation playground. Behind the shop, the farm constructed a small facility for making dairy ice cream. Through aggressive advertising and events organized in local schools and organizations; the number of visitors to the Farm has grown steadily and by the end of 2010, the annual number of visitors was over twenty one thousand. There are great variations in the number of visitors during different months of the year and time of the day. Although the allowed visiting hours are from 11.00 am to 6.20 after milking is completed, approximately 90 percent of the visitors in cars and coaches arrive after midday picnic until around 1.30pm and make a tour of the farm in the afternoon. By 3.00 pm about 40 percent would leave the Farm while 60 percent wait to view the milking process and there after visit the shop for ice cream and other products. There are more visitors from April to October while demand is too low outside this period. Moreover, visits are high from Friday to Monday, the demand peaking on Saturdays and Sundays. The period between November and March is usually too cold for tractor rides and the animals have to be kept inside. Gillian who is charged with the responsibility of managing the visitors has initiated an ambitious plan to increase the number of visitors to the Farm by forty percent in 2011. Moreover, a state of the art milking parlour has been launched by the Farm where cows are milked on a slow moving turntable and milking is to last from 3.00 to 6.00 pm. To optimize the number visitors visiting the Farm, Gillian has to determine whether concentrate on i ndividual advertising or promoting visits by coaches during the peak time. In case

Collaboration in Professional Practice

Collaboration in Professional Practice Effective Interprofessional Collaboration is key to providing good quality patient centred care This essay will discuss the principles of patient centred care and their relationship to multi-disciplinary team working and identify and explain key concepts of individual and team communication within the practice setting. Reference will also be made to experiences in practice and the effect of these experiences on the patient. My personal experiences of multi-disciplinary team working will be reflected upon, as will my strengths and weaknesses in relation to my skills as a collaborative team member. Patient confidentiality will be protected at all times when reflecting on personal experiences in placement in accordance with the NMC code of professional conduct (NMC 2004). The term patient-centred care refers to the participation and involvement of the patient in the decisions taken concerning their care and treating the person as an individual, recognising the differing needs amongst individual patients (Barrett, Sellman and Thomas 2005). The importance of involving the patient in their own care has become increasingly important over the last half of the 20th century, with more people living into older age than ever before, and with this increase of life expectancy has come an increase of those living with chronic or long-term illness (Department of Health 2001). This has led to a heightened number of people becoming, in many instances, more knowledgeable of their condition than the healthcare professionals that are involved in their care and treatment, and therefore, rather than being merely recipients of this care they are increasingly taking responsibility for the management of their illness by making informed decisions concerning their treatment, alongside those of healthcare professionals (Department of Health 2001). As the significance of patient centred care has been identified it also important to understand the relationship between patient centred care and multi-disciplinary team work, which is that to enable the provision of patient-centred care a number of different professions will need to be involved, as it is not possible for one profession to have all the knowledge required to provide effective care, therefore the multi-disciplinary team must work collaboratively to be effective, with effective communication between professions making this collaboration possible (Barrett, Sellman and Thomas 2005). Furthermore, as healthcare teams are not comprised solely as a solitary department a patient may need to attend clinics in many of the different hospital departments in order to gain the desired treatment. In order to provide the patient with the best quality treatment and care, it is essential that there is high level of effective Interprofessional collaboration between all members of the healthcare team. Ensuring efficient communication between healthcare professionals will not only increase the quality of the service, but it could also help reduce hospital waiting lists for treatments and ultimately, increase patient satisfaction. For example, when considering a department such as radiology it is becomes clear why effective communication between all members if the team is essential. A radiology team is composed of many different interdisciplinary professionals not only doctors, radiologists and nurses working within the radiology department, but it also comprises the individuals w ith whom these members of staff interact within their different, complementary departments. For example, a patient will have been referred to a radiologist from a different department e.g. gynaecology. The patient will also go to meet the staff at the admissions desk, outpatients staff, perhaps ward staff if they are to be admitted. Thus, the coordination of this team of practitioners is vital in order to ensure that the patient is treat efficiently and that their care needs are met. When there is a lack of communication between professions the quality of care will inevitably suffer. There are many examples, and consequences, of good and poor communication and one example is that of a scenario my colleagues and I were asked to consider as part of our online learning for the Collaboration in Professional Practice (CIPP) module, which was of a student nurse attending a ward round with a doctor. In the scenario the student nurse had concerns as to the patient having little opportunity to ask the doctor any questions or allay any concerns that he had, which the student nurse perceived to be due to a number of reasons, including the lack of privacy on the ward and the doctor making it apparent that he was short of time. When she reflected on this incident she felt that she had not communicated with the doctor efficiently and acted as advocate for her patient, therefore, the consequences are that he was possibly left with many unanswered concerns. There were many opini ons relating to this scenario put forward on the group discussion board (see appendix 1) and many of us felt that this emphasised the importance of having a mixed number of professions on ward rounds, including a nurse whose responsibility it is to act as advocate for the patient. The student nurse in the scenario pointed out that she felt she had let her patient down in favour of showing the doctor that she was efficient and good at her job and it could be argued that this need to impress the doctor was due to the hierarchical structure within which hospitals tend to operate, with doctors being at the top of this structure, which could affect communication between doctors and nursing staff. One of the objectives of a study which was carried out by Kinley et al (2001) was the investigation of the quality of communication between senior medical staff and ATN (Kinley et al 2001: 2) (The ATN are appropriately trained nurses) and the study was conducted in retrospect of the plans to implement nurse-run clinics and to give nurses some duties which were previously considered to be that of a doctor. This is of importance and relevance to the provision of patient centred care, as the ability of members of a healthcare team to effectively communicate and articulate any problems, concerns or even advice which one may have in order to help another member of the healthcare team to treat a patient is one of the keys to effective collaboration within the multidisciplinary environment of a hospital (Barrett, Sellman and Thomas 2005). The conclusion made by the research team was that there is no reason to inhibit the development of fully trained nurse-led pre-operative assessment, provi ded that the nurses are appropriately trained and maintain sufficient workload to retain skills (Kinley et al, 2001: 3). However, the qualitative counterpart of the study indicated that the use of ATN for pre-operative assessment was agreeable to patients but there was no indication that there was any improvement in the communication between senior medical staff and those carrying out the pre-operative assessments’ (Kinley et al 2001: 3). Hence, this study could be viewed to be indicative of the fact that if interdisciplinary communication and collaboration was to be improved within the healthcare team and hospital settings, perhaps the abilities of nursing staff to fulfil roles and complete duties previously associated with a doctor, such as completing pre-operative assessments and taking medical histories would be enhanced. I myself have witnessed examples of both good and poor interprofessional collaboration and communication whilst out in practice. For example, whilst caring for an elderly lady in hospital who was recovering from surgery it became apparent that she was suffering from acute constipation. Numerous healthcare professionals worked collaboratively to eliminate her constipation, including doctors, nurses, a dietician and physiotherapist and in the end a satisfactory result was achieved. On reflection of this incident I felt that although there was clearly excellent communication and collaboration between professions, once they were working together in the treatment of this problem, there was also an unnecessary delay in the nurses involving these other professions in her treatment for this particular problem, which led to unnecessary suffering and pain for the patient. I referred to this incident on the CIPP group discussion board (see appendix 2) and found that this concern as to the lengt h of time it can sometimes take to involve other professions was shared. Therefore, it is worth noting that even when communication is good between professions the quality of patient care will still suffer if there are delays in bringing about their collaboration. The ability to reflect on incidents such as these is an essential component of nursing as it enables us to analyse what we did, if we did it well or if it we could have done it better, and then how we can develop our skills further to do better in the future (Brooker and Nicol 2003). When considering that nurses are expected to make certain decisions as to the care of a patient the benefits of reflective practice become apparent, reflecting on past mistakes can help greatly when deciding what action should be taken in the care of patient, particularly when it is a situation that one has previously experienced and thus gained knowledge from (Brooker and Nicol 2003). I feel that although I have made significant progress in my ability to reflect over the last year there is still much room for improvement, something which I have referred to in my action plan for the formative assignment (see appendix 3). I listed the priority of this ‘action point’ as being medium to high as although it is to be achieved throughout my career, as part of my lifelong learning, I feel that it is also an essential skill whilst being a student as it will my greatly aide my learning at present as well as in the future when qualified. Being self-aware is vital to the reflective process as it is through our knowledge of ourselves that we are able to recognise our strengths and weaknesses and identify areas where more learning is required (Burns and Bulman 2000). Self-awareness is to be conscious of who we are, to be aware of our own values, beliefs and strengths and weaknesses (Burns and Bulman 2000). Being self-aware is essential to nursing as not only does it form the basis upon which reflection is built but it also contributes to how we communicate with others and aides our interpersonal development with our colleagues, as well as enabling us to build and maintain positive relationships with our patients (Bulman and Schutz 2004). When reflecting upon my own strengths and weaknesses, in relation to my collaborative skills, I feel that whilst I am beginning to acquire an in depth understanding of the role of the nurse in the care of the patient I feel that I lack substantial knowledge of the roles of the other healthcare professionals that I work alongside in the care of these same patients. This point is also referred to in my action plan for the formative assessment (see appendix 3) and I listed the priority of this as being medium to high as I feel that it is not possible to become an effective collaborative healthcare professional without having an understanding of the roles of others with whom you are working alongside. If there is a lack of understanding of the roles of others I feel that it would be difficult to see why they are involved in the care of my patient, or even when it is appropriate to involve other healthcare professionals, inevitably leading to the quality of the care for the patient to suf fer. As we have identified the importance of Interprofessional collaboration in the provision of effective patient centred care and satisfaction within the hospital environment it is important to look at methodologies which can be utilised in order to improve the interactions and communication between members of each multidisciplinary team within the healthcare setting. Buchan and May (2007) describe how the process of skill mix; can be used to as a method of organisational change within a healthcare team and it has a role to play in improving the effectiveness of the organisation and quality of care. The four stages of a skill mix cycle are the evaluation of the need for change, the identification of opportunities and barriers for change, the planning for change and finally making the change happen (Buchanan and May 2007: 1) Therefore, we can see that the methodology of skill mix is one option available to healthcare managers when they are aiming to improve the Interprofessional collabor ation between members of their healthcare teams, the method does however require careful planning. Furthermore, it is important to realise that skill mix is more than just a technical exercise, as it is also a method of achieving organisational change which requires careful planning, communication, implementation and evaluation if it is to achieve its main objectives (Buchanan and O’May 2007: 1). Sibbald, Shen and McBride (2004) value the strategy of changing the skill mix of the healthcare workforce and highlight that factors promoting success in the improvement of the patient care service and the interactions and collaborations of members of the healthcare interdisciplinary teams include: introducing treatments of proven efficacy, appropriate staff education and training; removal of unhelpful boundary demarcations between staff or service sectors; appropriate pay and reward systems; and good strategic planning and human resource management (Sibbald, Shen and McBride, 2004 : 28). It is important to identify the areas which can help to improve staff communication because this will help with the planning and implementation of change and improvements within the healthcare setting. Education and training opportunities appear to be beneficial in two ways, firstly they provide a method for improving the staff morale and self-respect as they feel more satisfied and qualified to hel p others and thus communicate with other members of the healthcare team and additionally the training will provide opportunities for members of staff to become acquainted with other employees and to interact (Sibbald, Shen and McBride 2004). This may then help in the collaboration in the work place. Education and training strategies which could train doctors and nurses simultaneously would be beneficial in reducing the hierarchical boundaries between these disciplines (Freeth, 2005 and Dominelli, 2002). The subject of this essay is increasingly significant at present due to the recent changes observed within the structure and function of the National Health Service (NHS) and the demands placed upon it to reduce the waiting times of patients and increase patient centred care, whilst at the same time cutting the costs and expenditure within the NHS (The Department of Health 2000). This puts pressure on medical staff, not only to increase their efficiency of treatment, but also to cope with and adapt to changes which are being made within their departments (The department of Health 2000). One of these changes which may be difficult for medical staff to adapt to in particular is the replacement of doctors with nursing staff in the carrying out of some of the duties and roles which were previously associated solely with the doctor. As the primary aim of the NHS is to provide the best healthcare possible for each patient, it is important that the staff employed to take over some of the du ties and responsibilities previously associated with the doctors we must ensure that the nursing staff are fully trained and able to perform the tasks to the required standard and in order to do this it is important that there is an effective level of collaboration between the doctors and nursing staff and that the doctors provide a support network, to which members of the nursing team can turn to and ask advice when and wherever appropriate. However, as there may be negative feelings towards this change, perhaps felt more so by the doctors, this may prove to be difficult. Hence, it is necessary to enhance the levels of cooperation and team spirit in order to work more efficiently and make the most of the skills of all the professionals in the NHS workforce (The Department of Health 2000). In conclusion, it is clearly apparent that the effective collaboration and consequentially the communication between members of a healthcare team is of vital importance when considering the accuracy and efficiency in which care can be provided to patients in a patient focused manner, and as this is an important aim of the NHS plan to reform, plans must be put into action to ensure that the levels of communication between members of the healthcare team are achieved to enable the goals made by government bodies to be reached and to aid staff moral in the workplace. Reference List Barrett, G, Sellman, D and Thomas, J (2005) Interprofessional working in health and social care. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan Brooker, C., Nicol, M (2003) Nursing Adults, the Practice of Caring. London, Mosby Buchan. J, O’May. 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