The Taming of the Shrew :: The Taming of the Shrew

The Taming of the Shrew Shrew--1Free, Mary. â€Å"Hortensio’s Role in Closing The Taming of the Shrew’s Induction,† RenaissancePapers 1999 (1999): 43-53.1Laurie E. Maguire, â€Å"Cultural Control in The Taming of the Shrew,†Renaissance Drama 26 (1995): 83.2Larry S. Champion, The Evolution of Shakespeare’s Comedy: A Study inDramatic Perspective, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970), 38. 3David Bevington, The Complete Works of Shakespeare, updated 4thed. (NewYork: Longman 1997), 110.Hortensio’s Role in Closing The Taming of the Shrew’s InductionThe minor characters in The Taming of the Shrew receive little critical attention and to anextent rightly so. As Laurie E. Maguire points out, â€Å"To say that Shakespeare’s [play] is. . .abouttaming is to state the obvious: the ‘wooing’ of Katherine by Petruchio, perhaps more than anyother main plot in Shakespeare, dominates performance and criticism.†1The minor charactersserve primarily, according to Larry S. Champion, as "comic pointers" to the main plot's action oras dupes to the more clever.2To relegate Hortensio to either of these categories, however,ignores his centrality as motivator of the main plot, and although David Bevington findsHortensio â€Å"laughably inept†3--he functions, in fact, as the main plot’s lynchpin. Hortensio isthe first to draw our attention to the shrewish Katherine, and it is he who seizes the opportunity S hrew--2Free, Mary. â€Å"Hortensio’s Role in Closing The Taming of the Shrew’s Induction,† RenaissancePapers 1999 (1999): 43-53.4See Martha Andrensen-Thom, â€Å"Shrew-Taming and Other Rituals of Aggression:Baiting and Bonding on the Stage and in the Wild,† Women’s Studies 9, no. 2(1982): 121-143; Ann Barton, Introduction to The Taming of the Shrew, in TheRiverside Shakespeare, 2d ed., gen. ed. G. Blakemore Evans (Boston: Houghton,1997),138-41; Emily Detmer, â€Å"Civilizing Subordination: Domestic Violence inThe Taming of the Shrew,† Shakespeare Quarterlyâ€Å" 48, no. 3 (fall 1997): 273-294; Jean E. Howard, Introduction to The Taming of the Shrew, in The NortonShakespeare, gen. ed. Stephen Greenblatt (New York: Norton, 1997), 133-141;Natasha Korda, â€Å"Household Kates: Domesticating Commodities in The Taming of theShrew,† Shakespeare Quarterly 47, no. 2 (summer 1996): 110-131; and Murray J.Levith, Shakespeare’s Italian Set tings and Plays (New York: St. Martin’s,1989), 46-53.5See Richard A. Burt, â€Å"Charisma, Coercion, and Comic Form in The Taming ofthe Shrew, Criticism 26, no.4 (fall 1984): 295-311; and Jeanne Addison Roberts,â€Å"Horses and Hermaphrodites: Metamorphoses in The Taming of the Shrew,†Shakespeare Quarterly 34, no.2 (summer 1983): 159-171.to suggest Katherine as a wife for Petruchio. More important to my purpose, however, isHortensio's function in the play's final two acts. While several critics–Martha Andrensen-Thom,Ann Barton, Emily Detmer, Jean E.

Louisa May Alcott-Term Paper Essay

Many authors use experiences from their life as a guide to their writing. It’s a way to express their feelings and emotions, and it’s something in which they can be passionate. Writers and authors think on a different level than anyone else. They are constantly thinking of different ideas for novels, poems or stories. The best writing comes from those who use their own lives as a basis for their writing. They know what to write about and how to describe it perfectly. The best thing about writing from experience, I think, is that, since it’s still a fictional story, you can have an idea about what you want to write about, but you’re still able to add the interesting and fun details you want to. I believe that Louisa May Alcott has written from her own life experiences. In Eight Cousins, Rose Campbell’s father passed away and she went to live with two of her aunts and her uncle, closely surrounded by her seven male cousins, as well as their mothers. She was a sickly girl and the only cure her uncle could think of was to get active, whether it was considered ladylike or not. When the two first met, he immediately got her to be outside more and to spend a little less time thinking about her health. Alcott was perceived as a tomboy and would often play outside, climbing trees or running around. She had a boy neighbor, about her age, with whom she would often play. The two were almost inseparable for a while, and he was described by Alcott as the brother she always wanted. Continuing in Eight Cousins, Rose befriended the maid of the household, Phebe, and eventually adopted her as her own sister. Rose believed in a good education, as did Alcott, and would teach Phebe all sorts of different school subjects on her own time. Rose was well educated in Latin and loved to read. She very much enjoyed school, and was extremely smart, though most of the young women in her time weren’t educated. Both Rose and Phebe looked forward to the times when they would get to study together. Phebe was never educated before, though she wished to be, and really appreciated Rose for teaching her. â€Å"For women such as Alcott, the world in which they live included women who needed to move beyond the traditional domestic ideal.†(â€Å"Unsexed†) Rose was part of the family living in a house with a maid. She was expected to clean up after herself, as was everyone else, but she went beyond that, offering to cook or clean, even when the help wasn’t asked of her. She made sure she was educated and healthy, yet still humble at the same time. Rose always wanted to help. In Eight Cousins, it was prominently noted that once Rose went to live with her aunts, uncles, and cousins, there was a major improvement in her. â€Å"In an era when women had few options for earning money, Alcott determined to overcome her family’s poverty through her prolific writing.† (â€Å"Louisa† 3) Alcott’s family struggled when it came to money, but after moving several times, things got a little easier, especially when Alcott herself started making money on h er works. â€Å"In the later juvenile novel Rose in Bloom, the theme of women’s rights is interwoven throughout the lives of its characters.†(â€Å"Louisa† 3) Alcott never married, and part of the reason was that she didn’t want to give up her independence. This was an era where women weren’t given as much respect as men, and hardly had any freedom for themselves. Alcott was very much a pro-women’s rights advocate. She did everything she could to try and get a say in society. She joined clubs and groups, and protested against the treatment women were given. â€Å"Alcott was always a strong advocate for social reforms including abolition, prison reform, and temperance, but her primary efforts were directed towards the cause of women’s suffrage.† (â€Å"Louisa† 3) In Rose in Bloom, Rose returned from a two year voyage overseas and decided that she was going to leave her mark in this world. She was a wealthy girl, so she used a lot of her money to open up homes for women and children in need. Rose too believed that women deserved an equal say in this world. â€Å"Her juvenile stories emphasize self-sacrifice and devotion to duty.†(â€Å"Louisa† 2) â€Å"Such novels have remained extremely popular for over a century† (â€Å"Louisa† 1) Alcott was a classic writer and she used her writing as a way to speak up for herself. Both Eight Cousins and Rose in Bloom can be considered almost auto-biographical, but her main story that related to her own life was Little Women, for which Alcott is most famous. Little Women was about four girls who went through their life experiencing different events along the way. When Alcott was writing, she received a request from her publisher to write a novel about a typical American girl. She was skeptical at first, but then agreed. Alcott used herself, as well as her three sisters, as her inspiration for the four main characters. â€Å"The heroine of Little Women, for example, is a rebellious young woman who strives for independence and personal achievement as a writer, but ultimately modifies her dreams when she gets married- a fact that has caused this novel to be regarded as antifeminist by some critics.†(â€Å"Louisa† 1) Although not all of the things that happened in the book happened to her, many of the events did occur in her own life. â€Å"A prominent theme in much of Alcott’s fiction is the conflict experienced by women who must choose between individuality and the bonds of family responsibilities and social traditions.†(â€Å"Louisa† 1) Alcott went beyond what was expected of her and chose to be an individual. She didn’t appreciate how women were treated, so she stood up for herself and used her books and writings to tell about it. â€Å"Her subversive sensational stories not only defied 19th-century values of womanhood, but also rebelled against the teachings of her father, Bronson Alcott, who believed in traditional ‘femininity’ and sentimentalism, in a search for human perfectionism.†(â€Å"Louisa† 2) Alcott truly used her life and feelings as her basis for writing, which is evident in her books. I believe that is why she turned out to be such a great writer. She wrote from her heart and wasn’t afraid to let people know who she really was. WORKS CITED Alexander, Lynn. â€Å"Unsexed by labor: middle-class women and the need to work.† bNet. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2011. . Ditchfield, Christin. Louisa May Alcott: Author of Little Women. Scholastic Inc., 2005. Print.

Lemon Max

Market Analysis Dishwash market of Pakistan is a bar driven market. Vim’s major competitor is Max while the rest of the brands like Safoon, Anna Bar are very small in size. Price Price is very important for this category. In order to market share, competitors use price as a unique selling point (USP). Max is a price leader in dish wash market. Max and Vim are price tag parity and both are price premium. Vim is low grammage and high price although it is not a noticeable difference. Price comparison of Bars between Vim and Max according to SKUs are as follows.Max Bar| Vim Bar| Small Bar Pack (110 grams) cost Rs. 12| Small Bar Pack (110 grams) cost Rs. 12| Number of SKUs| Bar (200 grams) cost Rs. 22| Long Bar Pack (330 grams) cost Rs 32| Long Bar Pack (300 grams) cost Rs. 33| Product Portfolio Max Protfolio includes Max Bar, Azadi Dish Bar, Max Sourers, Max Liquid and Max Antibacterial. Max Bar is targeting urban area while Azadi dish bar is targeting rural area. Lemon Max Bar In troduction Lemon Max Bar is a quality washing bar. Lemon Max Bar is a with leadership among dish wash segment of FMCG in Pakistan.Lemon Max Bar is product of Colgate Palmolive which was launched in 1982 with scourer embedded tagline â€Å"Hara Kaam Maun Khara Nimbo Ki Taqat Say Bhara†. Lemon Max Bar Consumers Primary shoppers of Max Bar are women and housewives and secondary are men purchasing household items. Brand is used for dish washing at home with the essence of lemon in it. Many year of sale and consumption at home consumers have approved Max Bar is a high quality product with many benefits. Lemon Max Growth Period Max Bar with strong, lemon-like, grease cleansing action and name that gave impression of foreign brand.Brands pass through ups and down then got stabilized and become market leader in terms of sales and Brand name. In 1985,brand manager learnt that consumer perceive that scourer damaged the dishes then they launched max liquid to overcome this perception. A t the same time Unilever Pakistan ,the mega corporate giant of FMCG’s , launched its brand under the name of â€Å"Rin† in dishwashing segment of FMCG. The competition become aggressive in terms of promotion, retails distribution and event placement. But according to market experts, consumer used brand for cleaning their quality dishes utensils.Due to heavy advertisement and erroneous branding decision Rin brand got positioning problems , product colour confusion among the consumers. Taking advantage from that opportunity, revelry brand â€Å"Max Bar† makes aggressive movements by heavy promotions. Soon Mac brand takes the game by kicking Rin Brand out of market form distribution to media promotion and become market leader. In 2001, Rin brand repositioned himself and change to â€Å"vim† and entered in to the market . Competition again got fierce between max bar and Vim due to heavy marketing budget form unilever gain to pull the max bar from market.In th e end of 2004, Rin vanish from the market and max become the leader in the market. After that many brands emerge on the competition arena like Safoon and Aana bar ,raising competition with the Max bar with relatively low price. For tackling this Max Bar launched 200 gm and sachet in that brand to gain an edge in the competition. But still Max Bar got 60 percent of the market share. In 2011, Unilever has relaunched Vim in dishwashing category. Vim gives a fierce competition to Lemon Max and start gaining market share from lemon max and other small players in the market.Lemon Max Liquid Liquid dishwash is targeted at urban upper middle class home makers and here the users are home maids rather than home makers. It will be difficult to teach house maids to use the liquid efficiently. People perceived both the liquid brands same. Although, Vim is a concentrated gel while Max is a dilute liquid. Concentrated gels are used less as compare to dilute solution. Gels are more efficient in dis h wash. Max Liquid Bottle| Vim Liquid Bottle| 275 ml cost Rs. 65| 250 ml cost Rs. 115| 475 ml cost Rs. 95 rs| 500 ml cost Rs. 190| Distribution of Lemon MaxLemon Max distribution is very strong. They are available and visible in almost every store. TRENDS * Economic growth during the early part of the review period encouraged new trends in dining, with these continuing to spread at the end of the review period. There was for example strong growth in the number of restaurants in the country and also the widening use of feasts to celebrate weddings. The serving of meals became more elaborate, with consumers using a growing number of dishes. These trends continued to support growth in dishwashing at the end of the review period. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE Unilever was the leading player in dishwashing in 2010 with a value share of almost 18%. The company benefits from a strong advertising presence, with its Vim brand thus enjoying widespread awareness and loyalty. The company also benefits from the widespread availability of Vim, which is prominently displayed in most outlets that offer hand dishwashing. The company also offers the premium Persil brand in hand dishwashing, which appeals to many mid- and high-income consumers. PROSPECTS * Hand dishwashing is expected to benefit from economic growth and urbanisation in Pakistan during the forecast period.As consumers move to cities and experience higher disposable income levels, their habits are likely to change. A growing focus on hygiene will encourage many to trade up from bar detergents to hand dishwashing when washing dishes. Lemon Max Bar Product History: Lemon Max Bar is a quality is washing bar with leadership in dish wash segment in Pakistan. Lemon Max Bar is product of Colgate Palmolive, which was launched in 1982 with scourer embedded. Primary shoppers of Max Bar are women/housewives that use brand for cleaning their household dishes. The consumers have approved high quality standards and benefits offered by Max Bar.Max Bar with strong, lemon-like, grease cleansing action and name that gave impression of foreign brand. In 1985 the brand manager learnt that consumer perceive that scourer damaged the dishes then they launched max liquid unilever launched their Rin in this dishwashing segment. The competition become heat up but according to survey consumer used brand for their quality dishes utensils. Heavy promotion started between these two brands. Rin got positioning problems and product color confusion among the consumer taking advantage from that opportunity max take the game by heavy promotion and positioning of lemon power.In 2001, Rin was change to vim and gave a challenge to the max bar and again competition starts. At the end of 2004 Rin vanish from the market and max become the leader in the market. Advertising Strategy: An advertising strategy is a campaign developed to communicate ideas about products and services to potential consumers in the hopes of convincing them to buy t hose products and services. Execution: The overall creativity of the dishwasher bar is good and is highly acceptable in the Pakistan’s existing market people having different income level can purchase it and it is available in every departmental store with a reasonable price.The packaging is in green and yellow color with largely written MAX in the middle of the bar. The bar is not just limited to clean the utensils it also gives the fragrance of lemon. Creative idea: The company board made these question within them and find the solutions for right promotion and media the task is to choosing the media through which the customers and viewers perceive what the company to make them aware about the product and they have a brand loyalty about it after watching and using it. 1. Who is our audience? 2.Where are we now in the minds of our target audience? 3. Where are our competitors in the minds of our target audience? 4. Where do we want to be in the minds of our target audience? 5. What is the consumer promise or the big idea? 6. What is the supporting evidence? 7. What is the tone of voice of the ad? Strategy: Max's marketing strategy is a notable example of successful frontal attack. The brand was able to find a credible and sustainable differentiator against Vim. Max took the position of an Antibacterial dish wash bar to fight Vim.Max was Pakistan's first Anti-bacterial dish wash bar. As usual, the germs were at the receiving end. Max positioned itself as a dish wash bar that killed all the bacteria in the utensils. The positioning was very smart since Vim was positioned based on cleanliness. Max is innovative in creating awareness about the possibility of germs in utensils. There was also another smart idea from the brand. In theory, we often say that the differentiator should be relevant, sustainable and not easily copied by competitors. Communication Media:The characteristics of the target consumer need to be consider as an advertiser decides what med ia to use. The types of media categories from which advertisers of choose include the following: * Print—Primarily newspapers (both weekly and daily) and magazines. * Audio—FM and AM radio. * Video—Promotional videos, infomercials. * Outdoor advertising—Billboards, advertisements on public transportation (cabs, buses). USP of MAX is†¦ â€Å"Hara Kam Main Khara† In addition, the other one is â€Å"Ghulae Kam Zayada Chalae† AD Type:The Ad, which I presented, is the persuasive.

Concentration and Molarity Worked Example Problem

Concentration and Molarity Worked Example Problem Question a) Explain how to prepare 25 liters of a 0.10 M BaCl2 solution, starting with solid BaCl2.b) Specify the volume of the solution in (a) needed to get 0.020 mol of BaCl2. Solution Part a): Molarity is an expression of the moles of solute per liter of solution, which can be written: molarity (M) moles solute / liters solution Solve this equation for moles solute: moles solute molarity Ãâ€" liters solution Enter the values for this problem: moles BaCl2 0.10 mol/liter times 25 litermoles BaCl2 2.5 mol To determine how many grams of BaCl2 are needed, calculate the weight per mole. Look up the atomic masses for the elements in BaCl2 from the Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be: Ba 137Cl 35.5 Using these values: 1 mol BaCl2 weighs 137 g 2(35.5 g) 208 g So the mass of BaCl2 in 2.5 mol is: mass of 2.5 moles of BaCl2 2.5 mol Ãâ€" 208 g / 1 molmass of 2.5 moles of BaCl2 520 g To make the solution, weigh out 520 g of BaCl2 and add water to get 25 liters. Part b): Rearrange the equation for molarity to get: liters of solution moles solute / molarity In this case: liters solution moles BaCl2 / molarity BaCl2liters solution 0.020 mol / 0.10 mol/literliters solution 0.20 liter or 200 cm3 Answer Part a). Weigh out 520 g of BaCl2. Stir in sufficient water to give a final volume of 25 liters. Part b). 0.20 liter or 200 cm3

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1914

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1914 The assassination of an Austrian Archduke was the trigger for World War I, yet things were so nearly different. His death set off a chain reaction, as  mutual defense alliances  mobilized a list of countries, including Russia, Serbia, France, Austria-Hungary, and Germany, to declare war.   An Unpopular Archduke and an Unpopular Day In 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to both the Habsburg throne and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was not a popular man, having married a woman who – while a Countess – was deemed far below his station, and their children had been barred from the succession. Nevertheless, he was the heir and had both interests in the state and state commitments, and in 1913 he was asked to visit newly annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina and inspect their troops. Franz Ferdinand accepted this engagement, as it meant his usually sidelined and insulted wife would officially be with him. Ceremonies were planned for June 28th, 1914 in Sarajevo, the couple’s wedding anniversary. Unfortunately, this was also the anniversary of the First Battle of Kosovo, the struggle in 1389 which Serbia had convinced itself saw Serbian independence crushed by their defeat to the Ottoman Empire. This was a problem, because many in the newly independent Serbia claimed Bosnia-Herzegovina for themselves, and fumed at Austria-Hungary’s recent annexation. Terrorism One man in particular who took particular umbrage at this event was Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb had devoted his life to protecting Serbia, no matter the consequences. Assassinations and other politically charged murders were not out of the question for Princip. Despite being more bookish than charismatic, he managed to enlist the support of a small group of friends, who he convinced to kill Franz Ferdinand and his wife on June 28th. It was to be a suicide mission, so they wouldn’t be around to see the result. Princip claimed to have originated the plot himself but he did not have trouble finding allies for the mission: friends to train. The most important group of allies was the Black Hand, a secret society in the Serb army, who provided Princep and his co-conspirators with pistols, bombs,  and poison. Despite the complexity of the operation, they managed to keep it under wraps.  There were rumors of a vague threat that reached all the way up to the Serbian Prime Minister, but they quickly dismissed.   The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand On Sunday June 28th, 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie traveled in a motorcade through Sarajevo; their car was open topped and there was little security. The would-be assassins positioned themselves at intervals along the route. Initially, one assassin threw a bomb, but it rolled off the convertible roof and exploded against the wheel of a passing car, causing only minor injuries. Another assassin couldn’t get the bomb out of his pocket because of the crowd’s density, a third felt too close to a policeman to try, a fourth had an attack of conscience over Sophie and a fifth ran off. Princip, away from this scene, thought he’d missed his chance. The royal couple continued with their day as normal, but after the display at the Town Hall Franz Ferdinand insisted he visit the mildly injured members of his party in the hospital. However, confusion led to the driver heading to their original destination: a museum. As the vehicles stopped in the road to decide which route to take, Princip found himself next to the car. He drew his pistol and shot the Archduke and his wife at point-blank range. He then tried to shoot himself, but the crowd stopped him. He then took poison, but it was old and simply caused him to vomit; the police then arrested him before he was lynched. Within half an hour, both targets were dead. The Aftermath No one in Austria-Hungary’s government was particularly upset by Franz Ferdinand’s death; indeed, they were more relieved he was not going to cause any more constitutional problems. Across the capitals of Europe, few other people were overly upset, except the Kaiser in Germany, who had tried to cultivate Franz Ferdinand as a friend and ally. As such, the assassination didn’t seem to be a major, world-changing event. But Austria-Hungary had been looking for an excuse to attack Serbia, and this provided them with the cause they needed. Their actions would soon trigger World War I, leading to years of bloody slaughter on a largely static Western Front, and repeated failures by the Austrian army on the Eastern and Italian Fronts. At the end of the war the Austro-Hungarian Empire had collapsed, and Serbia found itself the core of a new Kingdom of the ​Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.    Test your knowledge of the origins of WWI.

Compare Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will with Humphrey Jennings' Essay

Compare Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will with Humphrey Jennings' Listen to Britain' in their function as propaganda fi - Essay Example A scrutiny of these phenomena shows that most of them have resorted to propaganda to manipulate their constituencies into believing that their rules were the best for the people and the country. In the early 20th centuries, with two wars closely following each other, both the Allied and Axis Powers resorted to propaganda to persuade the world and their constituencies to their positions. The ubiquitous use of propaganda was closely associated with Hitler and the Nazi Party, but Great Britain was not excepted as it also dabbled in propaganda produced by a film outfit attached to one of its agencies to help in the war efforts. Two brilliant examples of wartime propaganda are Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of Will, which was released a little before WWII, and Humphrey Jenning’s Listen to Britain. These two documentaries can be differentiated by their artistic approaches and perspectives: one presented a stunningly visual, technically revolutionary film with intense and graphica lly powerful scenes whilst the other projected a laidback style with sequences that lingered more on leisurely activities rather than the frenzy that usually accompany war. Propaganda: Definition Propaganda, which comes from the Latin word ‘propaganda,’ literally means ‘to sow’. ... Jowett et al defines it as â€Å"the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behaviour to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.†1 As a powerful tool to shape public perception, propaganda had been used in the various periods of history to persuade the public to support politicians and governments, change faith, initiate and sustain wars, campaigns and revolutions, restructure societies and justify expansionism. In ancient of Athens, propaganda was employed by Pisistrasus, who feigned victimisation to gain the support of the public, and subsequent rulers as well as philosophers. During the Middle Ages to the Age of the Enlightenment, monarchical power was advanced through favourably written history, wandering minstrels, pilgrims and legal philosophers. Propaganda became prevalent and took a modern form during the French Revolution where committees were established by the revolutionaries to handle the different aspects of propaganda. French revolutionists employed the strategy naming of official enemies of the people to consolidate public perception, encourage revenge and compensate inadequacies. This technique was later adopted by Hitler with the Jews and Lenin against the Kulaks.2 A Comparative Analysis: Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl and Listen to Britain by Humphrey Jennings Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl and Listen to Britain by Humphrey Jennings are two documentary films that have each earned a reputation as well-crafted propaganda for their respective countries. The first was released in 1934 in Germany prior to World War II at the time the Nazi Party was gaining popularity and was used to portray a

Homeless vietnam veterans and what is being done to help them Essay

Homeless vietnam veterans and what is being done to help them - Essay Example According to the Department of Veteran Affairs, the number of homeless Vietnam era veterans exceeds the number of fatalities that occurred during the war. Statistics show that forty seven percent of the homeless veterans served during the Vietnam Era. At present there are more than 200 community-based veteran organizations, besides the federal and state agencies in the United States, that are working toward providing the best possible care to these unfortunate war veterans. Besides these there are also some organizations in Australia, Canada, and South Korea that are helping the homeless veterans in their nation. Many of them have quite an impressive achievement record. There has been a lot of support and a vast number of people have benefited from the various programs. But statistics still show that more than 600,000 veterans are homeless at some point during the year. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) The VA was one of the first organizations that extended its wholehearted a nd sincere support to the homeless Vietnam War Veterans. ... Over the years, the VA has launched many new programs, which dealt with specific problems faced by the war veterans (NCHV Releases FY 2010 Annual Report, 2011). Project CHALLENG In 1994, the VA launched the project CHALENG, which assessed the needs of the homeless veterans living in a particular area and then focused on their health care, education, job assessment, training, placement, and counseling. It also prepared a list of all the homeless services in the local area and encouraged coordinated services, which proved to be much more beneficial than individual efforts (HUD, VA Release Supplemental Report on Veteran Homelessness, 2011). Healthcare for Homeless Veterans (HCHV) Program This program reaches out to the thousands of homeless people who are currently not receiving any kind of benefits and so are most vulnerable. Prompt assistance is offered and the fundamentals problems that led to homelessness are addressed. They are then provided with individual care that includes getti ng physical and mental health care, substance abuse treatment, and help finding food, shelter, clothing and transportation (Homeless Veterans, n.d.). HCHV/Grant Per Diem Program The purpose of this program is to fund community agencies that provide services to the homeless veterans. It promotes the development of supportive housing for the homeless veterans to achieve residential stability. This program provides grants through a competitive process for up to 65% of the costs of construction, renovation, or acquisition of a building for use as service centers or transitional housing for the homeless Veterans. The VA has recently founded a National Call Center. This Homeless Veterans hotline ensures that the homeless Veterans or