Does Water Hyacinth Affect The Ph Level Environmental Sciences Essay

Does Water jacinth Affect The Ph Level milieual Sciences EssayInvasive aquatic plant species ar causing a growing threat in South Africa, as well as the upstanding world. These plants threaten the fresh peeing bodies causing a wide spread degradation on the environment. This study aims to see if Water Hyacinth can help the environment in which it inhabits by neutralising the pH take of acid wet. As piss jacinth is a fast growing invasive species that can be controlled by weevils and pesticides1which can be used to assist in the purification and neutralisation of South African water sources. South Africas water sources are limited and in high demand. As 76.5% of the Earth water is polluted2, this study can enable the possibility of neutralising acid water.AimDoes water hyacinth affect the pH level of water contaminated with an acerbic pH?Research QuestionWater hyacinth ordain affect the pH level of acidic water as it will be tested in controlled environments where comparisons between acidic and neutral water can be drawn as water hyacinth will be placed in twain conditions and over time, the pH level of the water will be tested to observe the change of pH level of the water due to the water hyacinth.Hypothesis.Water hyacinth will alter the pH level of the acid water and make the water hold out more neutral, closer to 7.RationaleThis research is important as water contamination and pollution is a growing problem in South Africa. As water hyacinth is able to grow at rapid orders, by deciding where unmatchable needs to pollinate their seeds, we can breed the plant in contaminated water to resolve the pH levels of the water. The water levels have a keen belief on the ecosystems in and around it so with acidic water, ecosystems will be destroyed and the surrounding habitats and ecosystems near the water will be lost or destroyed. The topic is of great importance as there are severe problems concerning drinking water in the world and this can aid to fix the pollution of water around the world.Literature ReviewThis project shows great importance as Water hyacinth is a problem on a global level. The problem of over population of this plant causes cobblers last of water disembodied spirit as sun light is restricted by the water hyacinth and therefor the plants at the bottom of the dam providing food and nutrition to the life start do die and add to the pollution as they do not receive sunlight for photosynthesis. When these plants have died, the dead fish (for example) begin to crack up which adds to the pollution of the already polluted water. There have been numerous studies around the world into the use of water hyacinth as a pollutant monitor.3Water Hyacinth has been tested to observe the absorption of arsenic, cadmium lead and many other metal compounds.4The plants can be tested to study the percentage of the compounds absorbed by looking inside the roots and stems and conducting tests to look at the compounds absorbed by the plants while living in the solution.5With all plants being made up of chemic structures, an imbalance of chemicals can cause plants to deform and in some instances die. There have been experiments to prove how the concentration of the chemical affects the growth of the plants. In this study, the plants are being tested whether or not the water hyacinth can improve the pH level of acidic water. Plants are very sensitive to high pH levels vinegar and dish washing liquid as a previous test conducted to see the survival of the plants at different pH levels resulted in the death of the plants after only one calendar week when placed in solutions with high pH levels and normal garden plants flourish at a pH level of between 6.3 and 7.86. Water hyacinth is a plant with easy access and grows in specific conditions which could alter the results as plants are sensitive to the conditions in which they grow.Sources of pollution are direct pouring waste into water and washing clothes in f resh water streams and indirect leaking oil pipes and runoff from eroded lands7 which both add to the pollution levels as well as effecting the pH levels of the water as there are harmful substances being added to a sensitive ecosystem. As water hyacinth is not indigenous to South Africa and originated in Brazil where their ecosystems were equip to control this plant and ensure it did not take over the water sections. South Africas water does not have the methods in place to cope with the overtaking of this plant as it is clogging up water ways, reducing the rate of water flow and adding to the pollution of the water8. If this plant could have a positive function, it could be controlled by humans and used for only that function.Methodi) tick off 9 dinky plastic bags (3 x control, 6 x acid ) with a permanent marker.ii) Using an electronic scale, weigh 24grams of fertilizer and repeat 9 times.iii) Place from each one 24g of fertilizer into a separate bag.iv) Using an electronic s cale, weigh 8grams of Iron chelates and repeat 9 times.v) Place each 8g of Iron chelates into one of the bags.i) Place 3 sets of 3 bathing bathtubs in an enclosed areaii) Measure 80ml of water and pour the water into each tubs.iii) Draw a line with a permanent marker at the meniscus on the tub.iv) Label three of the tubs attend and the other hexad Acidv) Add one of each of the small plastic bags of the fertilizer and chelates to each of the according tubsvi) Add 3 plants of Water Hyacinth into 3 of the tubsvii) Measure 5ml of a coffee solution to each of the six acidic tubsiix) Place one of each tub in a row and make 3 rows of 3 tubs.ix) Record the pH level of each tub using HP pool testing strips in the table.x) Take pictures of each of the strips next to which tub it is.xi) Record the data once a week for 8 weeks.The collection of the pH level of each tub once a week for 8 weeks will allow one to observe the effect of water hyacinth on water with irregular pH levels. week 1 ad valorem taxpHControl vitriolic 1 acerbic 2 week 2TUBpHControlAcidic 1Acidic 2Week 3TUBpHControlAcidic 1Acidic 2Week 4TUBpHControlAcidic 1Acidic 2Week 5TUBpHControlAcidic 1Acidic 2Week 6TUBpHControlAcidic 1Acidic 2Week 7TUBpHControlAcidic 1Acidic 2Week 8TUBpHControlAcidic 1Acidic 2A table showing the average pH levels of the three tubs over eight weeks.TubsAverage pH levelControl12Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week 5Week 7Week 6Week 8pH levelA line graph showing the change in pH level of the control tub over 8 weeksWeek 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week 5Week 7Week 6Week 8pH levelA line graph showing the change in pH level of acidic tub 1 over 8 weeksWeek 1Week 2Week 3Week 4Week 5Week 7Week 6Week 8pH levelA line graph showing the change in pH level of acidic tub 2 over 8 weeksPlan for Data AnalysisUsing the collected data of pH levels from each of the nine tubs, after the 8 weeks, 3 separate line graphs can be drawn to show the neutralisation of the acidic water.The data will be collected from the 2nd of borderland to the 20th of April.BibliographyAfrican Entomology vol. 19 No. 2 2001. J.A Coetzeehttp//www.chemistryexplained.com/Va-Z/Water-Pollution.html. Dan M. SullivanInvasive Aquatic Plants. Lesley Henderson and Carina J Cilliers. 2002.Science direct http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0143147182900605http//www.plantea.com/pH.htm

Abortion In Natural Moral Law And Utilitarian Ethics Philosophy Essay

Abortion In inherent honorable Law And Utilitarian Ethics Philosophy testifyThe current estimable issue of spontaneous abortion is a broad and complex ethical issue which can be approached from many moral and ethical directions. two such directions can be the deontological lifelike Moral Law and the teleological or consequentialist Utilitarian ethics.Abortion, from the Latin aborior, to pass away, is an induced termination of a pregnancy. Historic solelyy, as today, an abortion is the focal point of much controversy. The laws governing abortion have changed considerably in the last fifty years to accommodate abortion as an option for a pregnant woman. A landmark US case giving a mother right to wilful abortion occurred in 1973 app arl in motion by a woman called Jane Roe in Dallas, Texas. Roe wished to terminate her pregnancy, but in Texas at the time, single victims of rape or incest could procure a legal abortion. The case reached the Supreme Court where the judges ruled t hat abortion was a constitutional right to women, overturning laws in every responsibility which denied abortion to women through medically qualified doctors. Abortion is now legally allowed in many western countries for women. Since the legality of abortions came into effect, much debate has occurred from opposite so called pro-choice and pro- lifespan groups, gathering many arguments from both deontological and teleological ethics.Utilitarianismis the idea that themoral chargeof an action is determined solely by its contribution to overallutility that is, its contribution to happiness or merriment as summed among all people.1Utilitarianism places no emphasis on whether an action is right or wrong, right is only so formerly the pleasure has been decided to outweigh the pain in the circumstances resulting from the decision. Pleasure, in early Utilitarian thinking, was only concerned with the physical, e.g. being thoroughly fed. John Stuart Mill later reasond that pleasure was also quantifiable in intellectual and spiritual terms. These soaringer pleasures he argued outweighed the lower pleasures. Mill proposed, for example being well fed, at the expense of a mans spirituality was a lesser pleasure, and in effect, not as right as a spiritually teach man who was hungry. The hungry man experiences higher pleasure, as spiritual enlightenment lasts significantly longer than the feeling of being well fed.Consequentialist Utilitarians would argue that abortion is an altogether neutral act. The consequences resulting from the abortion determine the rightness. A specific system of measuring the pleasure against pain can be utilised called Hedonic potassium hydrogen tartrate. Hedonic Calculus first proposed by Jeremy Bentham, measures pleasure/pain through eight categories Certainty Duration ExtentIntensityRemotenessRichness Purity2This calculus subjectively determines if the pain outweighs the pleasure in a scenario of a potential abortion. A mother may n eed an abortion to save her own life if it is in peril due to her pregnancy, she cannot afford to leave her nestlingren motherless. This scenario, shown through Hedonic Calculus allows abortion to be the right choice as 1. There is a high certainty the mother will die, 2. The duration of mourning for the family would be very long as would the duration of risk to her other children, 3. The pain and suffering for her last family would be very great and so on.A different scenario in which the mother seeks an abortion so she can go on a pass would be morally wrong as from categories 2. the pleasure of a child will last years compared to that of a comparatively short holiday, 4. The intensity of the pleasure of a child is much greater and higher significance as it is emotional and spiritual than a physical and emotional holiday. The taking of a life can be justified in Utilitarianism as there are no standing rules of what is right or wrong for a general scenario, i.e. abortion. eithe r circumstance is different and warrants a separate evaluation to determine the correct action. subjective law is a branch of deontological ethics, deon meaning duty in Latin. Natural lawor thelaw of natureis a theory that posits the existence of a law whose content is set bynatureand that therefore has rigour everywhere.3These laws, created by God, are discernible to all peoples and are thought of as moral absolutes, natural moral law theory implies that wediscovermorality we do notinventit,(J.P. Moreland, What Is Natural Moral Law). It is mans duty to be rational, and as God is rational too, it is rational that humans must love God.Thomas Aquinas, a figurehead for natural moral law proposed five primary precepts and other secondary precepts. The primary precepts proposed where The continuation of the species through procreation The education of children The desire to have a go at it in society The worship of God The preservation of the selfThese precepts are considered in natur al moral law to be the most basic aspirations of all humans. Aquinas believed that all humans wished to do good and follow the precepts but through ignorance to the Natural Moral Law, some could do wrong. Aquinas argued that good ethical decisions could be arrived at by reason alone. Humans have the power of deducing what is good and what is wrong through application of their conscience.Natural Law, being deontological, imposes inalienable rules that cannot be broken. Natural Law can be seen as order provided by nature which exists for a purpose. A common criticism of Utilitarianism would be the difficulty of its real number world application. The theory of a decision may be morally sound, but the limitless unexpected permutations prevent proper ethical conduct from occurring once theory is put to practice.The Tribunal of the Holy Office, a catholic authority was once queried on the 4th of May, 1898 as to whether a foetus was allowed to be removed from its womb before natural cour se did so. The tribunal resolved that there was no exception to natural birth, even inducing premature labour with the inclination of saving the babys life. However, if life saving surgery were to be performed on the mother, which would have consequences on the growing foetus, it should not be maintained that the fetal(sic)lifeis thereby at a time attacked. Theevilis not made a means to obtain thegoodeffect for this would be to doevilthatgoodmight come of it.4This fulfils the Natural Law requirement of the act of being good as separate from the concept of doing good. To be morally correct, one must not embark on a course of action which is right purely to obtain an evil or vain leftover. The right must be to cause neutral or correct consequences. This certainty of rules and moral action allows the system of Natural Law to be an unquestionable authority if placed alongside Utilitarian ethics which are in permanent flux.The Catholic Church supports the notion of en brainment, where at conception a foetus is given a soul by God. A soul is viewed as a separate form to the physical body, but is linked inextricably until death. The act of abortion goes against the first precept of Natural Law, denying the continuation of the species through abortion. Even if that abortion would lead to saving a life, the authority to kill a foetus does not rest in humans hands. It is inhumane to end the life of a baby, as natural law theory holdsone may never directly intend to kill an innocent human being5. After conception, Natural Law argues that the foetus is human so is equal in right to life as its mother. There is no greater worth placed on the mother living than the child as both are considered equal.Utilitarianism would argue against the inflexibility of the rules of Natural Law regarding to the preservation of a childs life. Utilitarians would argue that greater suffering may be caused by the preservation of a foetus life. The mother of the child may be a chronic medic ate addict, and the chances of the baby growing up disadvantaged are high. It could be argued that the mother may not be fit to care for a child and the child would suffer a hard life, through mal-parenting and possible separation from the mother in later years. A possible course of action would be a wilful abortion by the mother to prevent suffering of a child. The rigidity of Natural Law allows no exceptions to be made, even if the pleasure resulting from an abortion vastly outweighs the pain. This rigidity of laws could cause unnecessary harm to many people.Correct decision making can stem from both deontological and consequentialist ethics. While Natural Moral Law argues that the laws of nature are absolute, Utilitarianism argues that no laws constantly serve the greatest good, and only through flexibility can good be achieved. The primary precepts of Natural Law indicate clearly that abortion is wrong so far as the taking of an innocent life, and interrupting the natural result of procreation. Utilitarianism states that abortion, like all actions is an completely neutral act until the consequences are evaluated. Both ethical systems allow an opportunity for an individual to formulate an understanding of, and ethically right decision on abortion.

Macbeth Character Analysis Assignment: Macbeth Is Evil :: William Shakespeare

Macbeth Character Analysis Assignment Macbeth Is EvilIn Shakespeare?s play Macbeth, Macbeth is motivated to commit his curse acts by three forces. For example, the witches in the play give him the first idea that he will be king. In addition, his throw ambition starts to take over later in the play. Lastly, Lady Macbeth pushed and forced him constantly to commit these evil acts. By listening to these evil forces, Macbeth commits evil acts which make him evil.The three witches in the play are a pretty big influence on Macbeth. For example, the witches tell him that he will be the Thane of Cawdor. ? every hail, Macbeth Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor.? (I.iii.47). This quote shows that Macbeth is confident that he will eventually be king. Also, the witches tell him none of woman born(p) can killing him, therefore, making him find invincible. ?The power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth.? (IV.i.79-80). This quote proves that Macbeth is becoming even more confident bec ause he knows from the witches prophecies none of a woman born can kill him. In the end, the witch?s basically started out Macbeth?s ambitions to become king who makes him commit evil acts.Secondly, it?s Macbeth?s own ambition to become king. One way he proves this is by killing his best friend Banquo because he wants to keep the throne and the witches said Banquo?s sons shall be kings. ?It is concluded. Banquo, thy soul?s flight (III.i.144-145). This quote shows how Macbeth evil is taking over him. He kills his best friend and he starts to murder innocent children. ?He has kill?d me, mother (IV.ii.83). Although he regrets murdering Duncan, murder to Macbeth was not a big deal anymore. Lastly, Lady Macbeth is a huge factor in Macbeth?s evil acts. For instance, she is the one who really starts him off to kill. Lady Macbeth pushes Macbeth for her satisfaction of being queen .In addition to this, she constantly questions his manliness making him feel like a sissy/wimp if he doesn?t com mit this act. ?What beast was t then, That made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man.? (I.vii.48-50) This quote shows that Lady Macbeth is quizzical Macbeth?s manliness by comparing him to an animal. Moreover, she tried to make Macbeth feel guiltless after he murdered Duncan. ?A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight.

My Favorite Summer Vacation :: Summer Vacation Essays

My favorite summer vacation was when my Father took me to Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida. It was one of the most memorable experiences of my life. What made it flat more memorable was the fact that it was my very first time on an air skim off. I cannot rec alone another time in my life when I see so much joy. That trip to Universal Studios was the first time my Father and I actually did something together, just the two of us and was something brought me close to my Father. In this leaven I will tell you about my plane ride over there, what I did right when I got there, and about my time at Universal Studios. I can still remember how excited I was before take off, I mean it felt like forever while we sat in the plane waiting to take off. Just all the anticipation that was inside of me had just made the wait even longer for me. Finally, I heard the buff say prepare for take off. When I heard those words I was so overjoyed I could hardly contain myself. That rush I got once the plane took off was an experience like no other. The plane ride was about hours long and I enjoyed every minute of it. Little did I know, that was less than half(a) of the fun I was breathing out to have at Orlando.After we got off the airplane, we rented a car and drove to my Uncle Joe?s house. We finally got there and then we all went out to eat dinner. We went to some Italian restraunt and boy was it good. To this day, I have never tasted anything as good as the Veal Picata I had that day. I take so much that I could hardly move and once I got back to my uncle?s, I just passed out and went to bed. I had a big and provoke day ahead of me. I was going to Universal Studios and I couldn?t wait. The whole drive there I was just wondering what I was going to do and see over there. I mean I thought I thought I was excited about my plane ride there, merely that wasn?t even half of what I was feeling at that time. Once I saw the roller coasters as we drove to Universal?s Island o f back my face just lit up like the sun.

Comparison of Coca Cola and Pepsi Essay -- Coca Cola Pepsi Business Ma

Comparison of Coca Cola and PepsiCoca-Cola and Pepsi are the two greatest competitors in the soft drink industry. A brief introduction and history of the two companies will provide a basis for understanding how the companies have come to be where they are today and how they affect their companies. The company complex body part of for each one will also be briefly explained to provide an understanding of how man termment style is impacted.Marketing and AdvertisingThe marketing skills that these companies give are the reason both Coca-Cola and Pepsi are so successful. Our research will provide an in-depth look at the marketing tactics that these companies use and how they compare to each other. The use of new technologies, forecasting, advertising, and political environments will all be included when determining what affects the marketing strategies the companies choose to take.SWOT AnalysisTo gain a reform understanding of each company, we determined some strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of each company. Each company has brand recognition on their sides and threats such as foreign, political, and economic situations in countries that ascorbic acid and Pepsi are established in. Comparing these aspects of each company will provide a good idea of future successes.ConclusionAfter a fine look into Pepsi and Cokes tactics for managing and successfully running their businesses, a summary of how each company manages its resources ties the research together and compares the overall management of the two companies.BACKGROUND INFORMATIONThe Coca-Cola Company is the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, with world headquarters in Atlanta, atomic number 31. Coca-Cola, the Companys flagship brand, and over 230 other soft-drink brands are manufactured and interchange by the Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries in nearly 200 countries around the world. The Company and its subsidiaries employ nearly 31,000 people around the world. Dr. John Stith Pemberton first introduced Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia in 1886. The pharmacist concocted a caramel-colored syrup in a three-legged brass kettle in his backyard.The Coca-Cola Companys operating management structure consists of five geographic groups plus The Minute Maid Company. Other Coke products are Barqs Root Beer, Cherry Coke, Powerade, Citra, Mel... .../sectors/3080.asp, (accessed 11/9/2000)Hays, Constance L., (2000), http//nytimes.com/library/fiscal/Sunday/080600biz- coke.html (accessed 10/8/2000)Its the Real Thing, (1999), http//www.t- bird.edu/alumni/readingroom/magizine/features/realthing.asp (accessed 11/9/2000)Law Firm Chitwood & Harley Announces Class Action Lawsuit Against Coca-Cola Company, (2000), http//biz.yahoo.com/bw/001027/chitwood_h_2.html (accessed 11/2/2000)PepsiCo, Inc., 1998 Annual Report. Purchase, New York PepsiCo, Inc., 1999PepsiCo, Inc., 1999 Annual Repo rt. Purchase, New York PepsiCo, Inc., 2000PepsiCo, Inc., www.pepsi.com, (accessed 9/2000 11/2000)PepsiCo, Inc., www.pepsico.com, (accessed 9/2000 11/2000)Simao, Paul (2000), SoBe deal may spur Coke into new age drinksanalysts, http//biz.yahoo.com/rf/001101/n1340525.html (accessed 11/2/2000)Thompson, Mark (1999), Coca-Cola and PepsiCo find their fizz, http//moneycentral.msn.com/articles/invest/sectors/3080.asp?Printer (accessed 11/9/2000)When Coke and Pepsi Battle, More than Cola is at Stake Kiplingers Personal Finance Magazine Feb 1992

The Scientific Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

During the Scientific Revolution scientists such as Galileo, Copernicus, Descartes and Bacon wrestled with questions virtually God, human aptitude, and the possibilities of understanding the world. Eventually, the implications of the new scientific findings began to fall upon the way people thought and behaved throughout Europe. Society began to question the authority of traditional k instanterledge about the universe. This in turn, allowed them to question traditional views of the state and companionable order. No longer was the world constructed as the somewhat simple Ptolemaic Model suggested. The Earth for the counterbalance time became explicable and was no longer the bear on of the universe. Many beliefs that had been held for hundreds of years now proved to be false. In addition to this, the roman print Catholic Church, which had always clarified the movements of the universe with the divine power of God, was now questioned by many. The Roman Catholic Church was natural ly set as an opponent of the Scientific Revolution, not so much because of opposition to new ideas barely instead because the new information contradicted the model of the world the church had created. Fortunately the renewal did not happen overnight but moderately over a 150-year period.Nicolaus Copernicus was one of the first astronomers to question the single worldview that the Christian faith supported. Though it was in the later years of his life that the he published On the Revolutions of ethitheral Spheres, the question was now raised as to the correctness of the mechanics of the world. In his writings, Copernicus was not able to accurately describe the revolutions of the Earth, Sun and Stars, but he was the first man to use mathematics and observation in order to create a more accurate picture of the universe. However, in order to conform to the Roman Catholic Church, Copernicus expressed himself carefully. Copernicus states, I may well presume, most Holy Father, that cer tain people,as soon as they hear that in this book about the Revolutionsof the Spheres of the Universe I ascribe movement to the earthly globe, will cry out that, holding such views, I should at once be hissed moody the stage (Aspects of Western Civilization 41)Through this statement, Cop... ...leo had attempted to complete. With his information the model of the universe had been at last completed. The Bible and God were no longer requisite to explain the mysterious connection of the planets and stars. Newton did not receive the same resistance from the church perhaps because his finding where towards the demolition of the Scientific Revolution. The Roman Catholic Church could no longer refute the finding of information and submitted.The advances in science over the 150-year period served to crush superstitions and magical believes that people had fathomed to explain the world. Copernicus began the revolution with his finding on the Earth, planets and stars. Galileo went furthe r to connect the world. This came to him at great cost. Bacon and Newton meet less resistance from the Church, possibly due to their approach. In the end science proved to have the final say in the matter, not so much as to discredit the church but rather to dictate there place in the world of science. Religion is based on faith it always has been, during the Scientific Revolution the church had extended their grip into science. In the end they remain separate, leaving each individual to decide on their own.

Irony in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

Things Fall Apart That year the harvest was sad, like a funeral, and many farmers wept as they dug up the miserable and rotting yams. One man tied his cloth to a tree branch and hanged himself. Okonkwo remembered that tragic year with a cold shiver passim the rest of his life. It al elbow rooms surprised him when he thought of it later that he did not sink under the load of despair. He knew that he was a trigger-happy fighter, but that year had been enough to break the heart of a lion. Since I survived that year, he always said, I shall survive anything. He put it down to his determined will. His father, Unoka, who was consequently an ailing man, had said to him during that terrible harvest month Do not despair. I know that you will not despair. You have a virile and a proud heart. A proud heart can survive a general failure because such a failure does not light beam its pride. It is more than difficult and more bitter when a man fails alone. The above passages were taken f rom the end of chapter three, part one. After finishing reading this book and then going back through it, I found these passages very ironic in regards to how the story eventually ended. Okonkwo believed that because he was such a fierce fighter, he could conquer anything life threw at him. However, it was his fierce, proud, fighting attitude that was his demise in the face of uncontrollable circumstances in the end. Okonkwo believed that war and brute fighting would sire everything. He was a proud and stubborn man constantly struggling to improve his standing in the tribal community. Okonkwo also had intense pride for his kin and way of life. He believed it was the right way of life and not to be questioned. Everyone was supposed to fear war with Umofia due to their fierce warriors and greatness in battle. When the blanched men not only did not fear them, but openly threatened the tribal way of life, Okonkwo prepared to handle the situation the only way he knew how. He wanted to got to war against the new white invaders, chasing them from tribal lands and ending the threat of different ways of life. The passage ends with, it is more difficult and more bitter when a man fails alone.